卡耐基演講·四、持之以恒

學(xué)習(xí)任何新事物，譬如法文、高爾夫球和當(dāng)眾演講，從來(lái)不會(huì)穩(wěn)定保持直線進(jìn)步的。這個(gè)過(guò)程更像一波一波的浪潮，突起突止，一動(dòng)一靜，有時(shí)候甚至進(jìn)一步，退兩步，以至于喪失了許多已經(jīng)取得的成績(jī)。這種停滯甚至衰退的現(xiàn)象，為心理學(xué)家所認(rèn)知和了解，被稱之為“學(xué)習(xí)曲線中的高原地帶”。那些學(xué)習(xí)如何有效講演的學(xué)員，也同樣會(huì)在這個(gè)“高原”上受阻，時(shí)間從數(shù)周到數(shù)月。有時(shí)候費(fèi)盡心機(jī)也無(wú)法跨越，意志薄弱者往往絕望而最終放棄。那些富有膽識(shí)的勇敢者會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈，他們持之以恒地努力訓(xùn)練，直到有一天他們忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎在一夜之間，奇跡發(fā)生了，他們的說(shuō)話技巧一日千里，如同飛機(jī)從高原起飛了，充滿了力量和信心。When we learn any new thing, like French or golf or speaking in public, we never advance steadily. We do not improve gradually. We do it by waves, by abrupt starts and sudden stops. Then we remain stationary a time, or we may even slip back and lose some of the ground we have previously gained. These periods of stagnation, or retrogression, are well known by all psychologists: they have been named "plateaus in the curve of learning". Students of effective speaking will sometimes be stalled, perhaps for weeks, on one of these plateaus. Work as hard as they may, they cannot seem to get off it. The weak ones give up in despair. Those with grit persist, and they find that suddenly, almost overnight, without knowing how or why it has happened, they have made great progress. They have lifted from the plateau like an airplane. Abruptly they have acquired naturalness, force, and confidence in their speaking.

也許你會(huì)如同本書所描述的那樣，最初面對(duì)聽(tīng)眾時(shí)，常常會(huì)感到一些心理上的恐懼，一些頭腦上的沖擊，一些精神上的緊張。即使經(jīng)歷過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次公開(kāi)演出的大音樂(lè)家，也會(huì)有相同的感覺(jué)。著名音樂(lè)家帕德列夫斯基每當(dāng)坐在鋼琴前時(shí)，總是緊張地摸弄著袖口。而一旦開(kāi)始彈奏，所有的恐懼則如八月陽(yáng)光里的迷霧，瞬間就消逝得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了。You may always, as has been stated elsewhere in these pages, experience some fleeting fear, some shock, some nervous anxiety, the first few moments you face an audience. Even the greatest musicians have felt it in spite of their innumerable public appearances. Paderewski always fidgeted nervously with his cuffs immediately before he sat down at the piano. But as soon as he began to play, all of his audience fear vanished quickly like a mist in August sunshine.

你也會(huì)經(jīng)歷同樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但只要你能堅(jiān)韌不拔，過(guò)不了多久，包括初期的恐懼在內(nèi)的種種問(wèn)題就都會(huì)一掃而光。在開(kāi)始了最初的幾句話后，你就能完全控制住自己的情緒，就會(huì)自信而愉快地面對(duì)聽(tīng)眾講下去。His experience will be yours. If you will but persevere, you will soon eradicate everything, including this initial fear; and that will be initial fear, and nothing more. After the first few sentences, you will have control of yourself. You will be speaking with positive pleasure.

有一次，一位希望學(xué)習(xí)法律的年輕人寫信向林肯求教。林肯回答他說(shuō)：“如果你已下定決心想成為一名律師，事情已成功了一半……但要時(shí)時(shí)刻刻記住，自己必勝的決心，比任何事情都重要。”O(jiān)ne time a young man who aspired to study law wrote to Lincoln for advice. Lincoln replied, "If you are resolutely determined to make a lawyer of yourself, the thing is more than half done already... Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing."

林肯是過(guò)來(lái)人，深深體味個(gè)中道理。終其一生，他所受過(guò)的正規(guī)教育，總共不超過(guò)一年時(shí)間。至于書本，林肯有一次說(shuō)，他曾步行至50英里以外去借書讀！在他的小木屋里，柴火總是燃燒到天亮，他通常是就著火光來(lái)勤奮讀書的。小木屋的木頭間有裂縫，林肯常常將書塞在那里，清晨天一亮，他一骨碌從樹(shù)葉床上爬起來(lái)，揉著眼睛，取出書開(kāi)始狼吞虎咽地讀起來(lái)。Lincoln knew. He had gone through it all. He had never, in his entire life, had more than a total of one year's schooling. And books? Lincoln once said he had walked and borrowed every book within fifty miles of his home. A log fife was usually kept going all night in the cabin. Sometimes he read by the light of that fife, There were cracks between the logs in the cabin, and Lincoln often kept a book sticking there. As soon as it was light enough to read in the morning, he rolled over on his bed of leaves, rubbed his eyes, pulled out the book and began devouring it.

有時(shí)候，他會(huì)走上二三十英里去聽(tīng)人演講，回到家里，他就到處練習(xí)演講——在田間，在樹(shù)林里，在雜貨店聚集的人群前，他加入新沙龍和春田的辯論學(xué)會(huì)，討論當(dāng)時(shí)的種種時(shí)政問(wèn)題。但是他卻在女性面前表現(xiàn)得很害羞，當(dāng)他追求瑪麗·陶德時(shí)，總是坐在走廊上沉默寡言，靜靜地看著她一個(gè)人表演。然而就是這個(gè)人，窮讀不休，勤練不輟，努力將自己塑造成一名演講家，進(jìn)而與當(dāng)時(shí)最杰出的雄辯家道格拉斯參議員進(jìn)行辯論，一決雌雄；也就是這個(gè)人，在蓋茨堡，在第二次總統(tǒng)就職演講中崇論宏議，冠絕古今。He walked twenty and thirty miles to hear a speaker and, returning home, he practiced his talks everywhere in the fields, in the woods, before the crowds gathered at Jones' grocery at Gentryville; he joined literary and debating societies in New Salem and Springfield, and practiced speaking on the topics of the day. He was shy in the presence of women; when he courted Mary Todd he used to sit in the parlor, bashful and silent, unable to find words, listening while she did the talking. Yet that was the man who, by faithful practice and home study, made himself into the speaker who debated with the most accomplished orator of his day, Senator Douglas. This was the man who, at Gettysburg, and again in his second inaugural address, rose to heights of eloquence that have rarely been attained in all the annals of mankind.

想想自己曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)的種種艱難挫折與令人心酸的奮斗歷程，與林肯相比，不過(guò)是九牛一毛，但是林肯卻說(shuō)：“如果你已下定決心想成為一名律師，事情已經(jīng)成功了一半……”Small wonder that, in view of his own terrific handicaps and pitiful struggle, Lincoln wrote, "If you are resolutely determined to make a lawyer out of yourself, the thing is more than half done already."

白宮總統(tǒng)辦公室墻上懸掛著一幅林肯的畫像?！懊慨?dāng)我要做出決定時(shí)，”羅斯福總統(tǒng)說(shuō)，“尤其是那些復(fù)雜的一時(shí)難以處理的事情，譬如一些利益相沖突的事情，我會(huì)抬頭看著林肯，假想他在相同的情況之下處于我的位置時(shí)會(huì)采取什么行動(dòng)。這聽(tīng)來(lái)也許很荒唐，但卻是千真萬(wàn)確的，這樣做使我的問(wèn)題變得容易解決多了?！盇n excellent picture of Abraham Lincoln hangs in the President's office in the White House. "Often when I had some matter to decide," said Theodore Roosevelt, "something involved and difficult to dispose of, something where there were conflicting rights and interest, I would look up at Lincoln, try to imagine him in my place, try to figure out what he would do in the same circumstances. It may sound odd to you, but, frankly, it seemed to make my troubles easier of solution."

為什么不試試羅斯福的方法呢？如果你消沉沮喪，想放棄成為一名成功的演講者的努力時(shí)，問(wèn)問(wèn)自己，他在這樣的情形下會(huì)怎么辦？你是知道他會(huì)怎么做的。在競(jìng)選參議院席位敗于史蒂芬·道格拉斯之手以后，他依然殷切地告誡自己的擁護(hù)者們，不可以“在一百次挫折之后即告放棄”。Why not try Roosevelt's plan? Why not, if you are discouraged and feeling like giving up the fight to make a more effective speaker of yourself, why not ask yourself what he would do under the circumstances? You know what he would do. You know what he did do. After he had been beaten by Stephen A Douglas in the race for the U.S. Senate, he admonished his followers not to "give up after one or one hundred defeats."