寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文的10個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單原則

　　你是否真的寫(xiě)得一手好作文呢?你有沒(méi)有停下來(lái)想一想自己的寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量?你確定你的寫(xiě)作技巧比較好?你寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容別人能正確理解嗎?還是說(shuō)你的讀者對(duì)你到底想表達(dá)什么內(nèi)容感到迷惑?

　　Have you ever stopped and thought about the quality of your writing? Are you sure it’s considered to be good writing? Are you getting the right message across, or are your readers confused as to what you’re trying to accomplish?

　　你有沒(méi)有停下來(lái)想一想自己的寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量?你確定你的寫(xiě)作技巧比較好?你寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容別人能正確理解嗎?還是說(shuō)你的讀者對(duì)你到底想表達(dá)什么內(nèi)容感到迷惑?

　　1. Express, not impress.

　　是表達(dá)，而不是印象

　　Good writing is not about the number of words you’ve produced, the quality of the adjectives you’ve written or the size of your font–it’s about the number of lives you’ve touched! It’s whether or not your reader understands you. It’s about expression, not impression.

　　寫(xiě)得好不好不在于你用了多少詞、你用的形容詞的質(zhì)量或你使用的字體大小——而在于你寫(xiě)的東西感動(dòng)了多少人!寫(xiě)得好不好是看你的讀者是否理解你。它是關(guān)于表達(dá)，而不是印象。

　　2. Simple sentences work best.

　　簡(jiǎn)單的句子效果最好。

　　示例：

　　- The only possible option in order to accelerate the growth of the food industry is to focus on the fact that the target market of this business demands convenience, competence and cost-effectiveness.

　　-要想加快食品行業(yè)的發(fā)展，最可能的方式是聚焦于目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)對(duì)便利性、管轄權(quán)和成本效益的要求上。

　　- Better: The food industry can grow faster if food trucks focus on convenience, competence and cost-effectiveness.

　　-更好的寫(xiě)法：如果食品交易聚焦于便利性、管轄權(quán)和成本效益，那么食品行業(yè)會(huì)發(fā)展得更快。

　　3. Active, rather than passive.

　　主動(dòng)，而不是被動(dòng)

　　示例：

　　- The offering price was established by the real estate vendor and the negotiation process was initiated by the real estate buyer.

　　-定價(jià)是由房地產(chǎn)商決定的，協(xié)商過(guò)程是由購(gòu)房者發(fā)起的。

　　- Better: The real estate vendor set the offering price, and the real estate buyer started negotiating.

　　更好的寫(xiě)法：房地產(chǎn)商定價(jià)，購(gòu)房者展開(kāi)協(xié)商。

　　4. Know who your target audience is.

　　了解目標(biāo)受眾

　　Who are you writing for? Who do you expect to read your article, your book, or your blog post? Will they care about what you’re talking about? Will they understand the message that you’re trying to get across? Good writing isn’t generic; it’s specific because it’s targeted towards a group of people with something common binding them.

　　你為誰(shuí)寫(xiě)作?你期望誰(shuí)來(lái)讀你的文章、你的書(shū)或你的博客?他們關(guān)心你寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容嗎?他們會(huì)理解你想表達(dá)的信息嗎?好的寫(xiě)作不是泛泛的;而是具體的，因?yàn)樗槍?duì)的是一群有共同特征的人。

　　5. Read it aloud.

　　大聲朗讀

　　Reading your works out loud allows you to notice something that you might not have noticed if you were just reading it silently. Go on, read them out loud now. Also, try to listen to your work objectively as you read it. Are you making sense? Or are you simply stringing a couple of words together just to fill a gap?

　　把你的作品朗讀出來(lái)，這會(huì)讓你注意到默讀時(shí)所忽略的內(nèi)容。現(xiàn)在就把它們朗讀出來(lái)吧。另外，當(dāng)你朗讀時(shí)，試著客觀地去傾聽(tīng)你的作品。你寫(xiě)的有理嗎?還是只是把幾個(gè)詞湊在一起來(lái)填補(bǔ)空白?

　　6. Avoid using jargon as much as possible.

　　盡量避免使用行話。

　　Not everyone in your audience will know what a “bull market” is. Not everyone knows that “pyrexia” is basically the same thing as “a fever”. And surely you can come up with a better term for high blood pressure than “hypertension”?

　　不是每個(gè)讀者都知道“牛市”是什么。不是每個(gè)人都知道“pyrexia” (注：發(fā)熱的臨床用語(yǔ))和“fever”基本上是一個(gè)意思。當(dāng)然，你可以造一個(gè)比"hypertension"更好的詞來(lái)表示高血壓。

　　7. In terms of words, size matters.

　　詞的長(zhǎng)短也很重要。

　　Please, don’t strain yourself by browsing the Internet, looking for complicated and fancy-sounding words. Less is always more.

　　請(qǐng)不要讓自己忙于瀏覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)尋找復(fù)雜及花哨的詞。少即是多。

　　示例：

　　- The man gave me a look so sharp that I sincerely believed it could pierce my heart and see my innermost fears.

　　-那名男子看我的眼神如此的犀利，我真的相信它能刺穿我的心，看清我內(nèi)心的恐懼。

　　- Better: The man glared at me.

　　更好的寫(xiě)法：那名男子瞪著我。

　　8. Being positive is better than being negative–even in writing!

　　肯定比否定要更好——即使在寫(xiě)作中!

　　示例：

　　- I did not think that the unbelievable would not occur.

　　-我不認(rèn)為令人難以置信的事情不會(huì)發(fā)生。

　　- Better: I thought the unbelievable would happen.

　　-更好的寫(xiě)法：我認(rèn)為令人難以置信的事情是會(huì)發(fā)生的。

　　9. Set aside time for revising and rewriting–after you’ve written the whole content.

　　留下時(shí)間來(lái)修改和重寫(xiě)——在你寫(xiě)完全部?jī)?nèi)容后。

　　I’m not suggesting that you should edit each time you’ve finished a paragraph–that would just be tedious. What I’m telling is that you should first give yourself some time to finish the content prior to editing. Write away. Don’t edit yet. Don’t focus on the grammar yet. Don’t worry about the syntax, the synonym, the antonym or the order that you’re using.

　　我不是建議你每次寫(xiě)完一段話就修改一下——那樣會(huì)很乏味。我建議你在編輯之前，應(yīng)該給自己一些時(shí)間來(lái)完成寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容。寫(xiě)下來(lái)。先不要編輯。不要注重語(yǔ)法。不要擔(dān)心語(yǔ)法、同義詞、反義詞或你用詞的順序。

　　Write for yourself, but mostly, write for your target audience. Write the message clearly and don’t be afraid to express your thoughts. Don’t censor yourself yet. Let the words flow. Don’t erase what you’ve written yet.

　　為你自己寫(xiě)作，但最重要的是，為你的目標(biāo)受眾寫(xiě)作。把內(nèi)容清晰地寫(xiě)下來(lái)，不要害怕表達(dá)自己的思想。不要審查自己。讓你的文字流動(dòng)。先不要?jiǎng)h除你所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。

　　All the editing and the fixing will come later.

　　編輯內(nèi)容和調(diào)整內(nèi)容可以稍后進(jìn)行。

　　10. Write. All the time.

　　寫(xiě)下來(lái)。每時(shí)每刻。

　　Good writing is simply always writing. Write when you’re sad. Write when you’re scared. Write when you don’t feel like writing.

　　好的寫(xiě)作技巧就是一直在寫(xiě)。悲傷時(shí)去寫(xiě)，害怕時(shí)去寫(xiě)，不想寫(xiě)的時(shí)候還要寫(xiě)。