英語寫作方法·英語直接引語和間接引語用法

英語作文的輸出需要大量的積累、不斷的練習(xí)，一些英語寫作方法還是應(yīng)該多加注意。以下是小編整理的關(guān)于英語寫作方法·英語直接引語和間接引語用法的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助！

一、概述

引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(direct speech)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(indirect speech)。一般地講，直接引語前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語不用引號(hào)，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生說：“我很忙”。（直接引語）

Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生說他很忙。（賓語從句是間接引語）

從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須對(duì)直接引語中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，如上例直接引語中的I改成了he, am則改成了was?，F(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題,分述如下：

二、直接引語是陳述句時(shí)

直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。

1、人稱的變化

直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you，your，yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱不變。

He said , “I like it very much.” 他說：“我非常喜歡它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他說他非常喜歡它。(I改為he, it不變)

He said, “You told me this story.”他說：“你給我講過這個(gè)故事。”

→He said that I had told him that story.他說我給他講過那個(gè)故事。(You改為I, me改為him, told改為had told)

He said to me, “She's left her book in your room”.他對(duì)我說：“她把書放在你的房間里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對(duì)我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。（She's→she had， her不變，your→my）

2、 時(shí)態(tài)的變化

（1）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)

如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：

He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他說：“我常在星期天看電視”。

→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。

He said, “I'm using the knife.”他說：“我正在用小刀。”

→He said that he was using the knife.他說他正在用小刀。

She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她說：“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。”

→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。

He said，“I came to help you.”他說：“我來幫助你。”

→He said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。

He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他說：“晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。”

→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。

Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周蘭說：“下課后我就去做。”

→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說下課后她就去做。

He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他說：“那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。”

→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他說那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。

He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他說：“我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。”

→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說他們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。

注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老師說：“地球是圓的。”

→The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說地球是圓的。

He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” 他說: “我1965年生于山東。”

→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說他1965年生于山東。

He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他說：“哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。”

→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。

（2）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)

如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變

He says, “I finished the work.”他說：“我做完工作了。”

He says that he finished the work. 他說他做完工作了。

He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他會(huì)說：“我己經(jīng)澆花了。”

He will say he has watered the flowers. 他會(huì)說他己經(jīng)澆花了。