大學(xué)英語四級語法復(fù)習(xí)——不定式

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1)
一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

語法功能：
表示與謂語動詞同步發(fā)生

2)
完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被動形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

語法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前

二）不定式?？嫉目键c(diǎn)：

1）不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生

2）不定式做狀語----目的

3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do　 表示動作的完整性，真實(shí)性；

+ doing
表示動作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性

　I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

　昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實(shí))

　I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

　昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作）

v
感官動詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役動詞
have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以后要還原to

I ‘d like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.

3) help
help sb do
help sb to do
help do
help to do

四)有些動詞后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect
allow sb to do,
cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do
love to do
warn sb to do
be able to do

be
ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

 

五) 有的時候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被動的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.