不定式的其他用法
too…to 結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示否定意義:
She was too young to understand all that.
enough…to結(jié)構(gòu)則表示肯定意義:
She was not old enough to understand all that.
not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時(shí),不定式一般不表示否定意義:
He’s only too pleased to help her.
so…as (to)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用不定式作狀語(yǔ):
Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.
如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的, 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語(yǔ):
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.
在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid,careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式前可加一個(gè)of引起的短語(yǔ), 來(lái)說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況:
It’s kind of you to think so much of us.
(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.
It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.
It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
V+ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞及動(dòng)名詞)
形式
完成式: 如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生, 通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式.
He didn’t mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
在某些動(dòng)詞后(或成語(yǔ)中), 常用(或可以用)動(dòng)名詞的一般形式, 盡管動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的.
Excuse me for coming late.
I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.
現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語(yǔ)中, 表示這動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.
另外, 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式.
The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.
The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.
被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí), 動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式.
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.
但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動(dòng)詞后, 盡管表示的是被動(dòng)的意思, 卻用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式.
My pen needs filling.
The point deserves mentioning.
This problem requires studying with great care.
在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣.
Her method is worth trying.
