時代經(jīng)典商業(yè)英語詞匯：宏觀經(jīng)濟

《時代經(jīng)典商業(yè)英語詞匯》：TIME《時代雜志》上典雅的用詞、優(yōu)美的文章一向廣受各界推崇，被譽為了解西方文化的寶典。其用詞極為精練、簡潔，如果您希望能充分享受閱讀TIME的樂趣，首要的工作就是認識TIME的常用詞匯。

Club of Rome

羅馬俱樂部

Books such as Paul Ehrlich's The Population Bomb In 1968 and the Club of Rome's 1972 study The Limits to Growth,

Paul Ehrlich 1968年著作《人口炸彈》及羅馬俱樂部1972年的研究報告《增長的極限》造成人們恐懼，

raised fears that unchecked population growth might lead to mass starvation.

以為未加節(jié)制的人口增長會導致大規(guī)模的饑荒。

In the 70s,the Club of Rome predicted,with hilarious imprecision,

1970年代時，羅馬俱樂部令人捧腹地粗略預測，

a coming doomsday of uncontrollable pollution,wild overpopulation and resource depletion(by 1992,for example,no oil).

失控的污染、人口爆炸及資源枯竭即將來臨

CPI

消費者物價指數(shù)

The TIME group predicts that the CPI will climb at an annual rate of 7.2%in the fourth quarter

時代集團預測消費者物價指數(shù)在第四季將爬升至年增率7.2%

and slow to 3.8% by tate next year.

但在明年結束前將會減緩至3.8%。

Economists placed greater trust in the CPI report,

經(jīng)濟學家對消費者物價指數(shù)比較信任，

contending that the surge in the wholesale index was merely a fluke.

認為批發(fā)物價指數(shù)的飆漲只是偶發(fā)現(xiàn)象。

crowding out

排擠效果

For corporate America,health care has become a crippling expense.

對美國企業(yè)來說，健保已成了對企業(yè)殺傷力極大的一項支出。

General Motors laid out $3.2 billion last year,more than it spent on steel,to provide medical coverage for 1.9 million employees,dependents and retirees.

通用汽車公司去年編列32億美元去付它190萬名員工、眷屬與退休員工的醫(yī)藥費用，比公司買鋼鐵的預算還高。

Unchecked,the U.S. medical bill will more than double in the next 10 years to $1.6 trillion,crowding out spending for other urgent needs.

假如再不節(jié)制，美國人的醫(yī)藥支出會在未來10年內(nèi)增長一倍達到1.6兆美元，排擠其他更重要的資金需求。

deflation

通貨緊縮

The potential for still lower inflation is real-and the gruesome possilility of deflation can't be ruled out.

更低的通膨率是可能發(fā)生的，而殘酷的通貨緊縮的可能性并不能排除在外。

The only question:will inflation succeed?

唯一的問題：通貨膨脹可能成功嗎?

Upon the answer(which many think will be soon apparent)depends the immediate economic future of the U.S.

美國短期的經(jīng)濟前景全依賴問題的答案。

If it succeeds,the downward spiral of deflation will be definitely checked.

如果通貨膨脹成功，那么往下盤旋的通貨緊縮就可確定已經(jīng)控制住了。

depression

蕭條

Few would advocate a literal reprise of Franklin D.Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression,

很少人會主張拿出當年F.D.羅斯福對付經(jīng)濟大蕭條的方法，

which included strong gusts of government spending and massive publicworks projects.

包括大幅提高政府的支出與公共工程的預算。

While some economists have described the current slump as a near depression,

有些經(jīng)濟學家把當前的低迷形容成“接近蕭條”

that phrase overstates the case if it is taken as a comparison with the period 1929-33,

用這詞就嫌夸張了，

when the U.S. economy contracted by nearly a third.

因為在1929至1933年間，美國的經(jīng)濟萎縮了1/3之多。

deregulate

自由

Rajiv's goal was to give his country reform,modernization,deregulation

拉吉夫的目標是帶給印度改革、現(xiàn)代化、自由化

all catchwords under-pinning his frequently quoted aim of "bringing India into the 21st century."

這些都是支持他經(jīng)常掛在嘴邊的所謂“帶領印度進入21世界”大方向的一些口號。

New technology and deregulation are blurring the lines between telephones and cable TV,

新科技與政府管制的取消使得電話與有線電視的界線開始模糊，

provoking a battle for America's homes.

雙方為搶奪美國家庭用戶，展開一場大戰(zhàn)。

econometrics

計量經(jīng)濟學

The reluctant laureate was honored for pathbreaking work in the early 1940s that laid the foundation for econometrics,which uses mathematical models to study the behavior of aneconomy.

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這位不情愿得獎人以他在1940年代另辟蹊徑的研究，為以數(shù)學模式來研究經(jīng)濟行為的計量經(jīng)濟學立下了根基，而得到此獎。

Such barometers as car sales and housing starts have remained dismayingly weak,

一些景氣的溫度計，像是汽車銷售及新屋營建，都維持在令人氣餒的低檔，

mostly because Americans have been worrying about their incomes and jobs.

主要因為美國人對收入與工作仍感到擔憂。

“What is happening here is the reverse of what the government really wants,"says Walter Williams,president of American Busi-ness Econometrics,a consulting firm.

美國商業(yè)計量經(jīng)濟顧問公司的總裁Walter Williams說：“國內(nèi)真實的狀況與政府的預期正好相反。”

foreign exchange reserves

外匯儲備

The former British colony at the Malay Peninsula only achieved full independence in 1965.

這個位于馬來半島前端的前英國殖民地，在1965年才完全獨立，

yet it boasts Asia's highest living standard after Japan,an average per capita income of $15,000

然而其生活水準在亞洲僅次于日本，每人國民所得高達15000美元

and by far the world's highest per capita cache of foreign reserves.

而且享有世界最高的國民平均外匯儲備。

GNP

國民生產(chǎn)總值

While more people are working with their heads rather than their hands

雖然更多人不用手而以動腦為職業(yè)

and a third of the nation's $5.5trillion GNP is generated by ideas rather than manufactured goods,

且國內(nèi)每年5.5兆元國民生產(chǎn)總值的1/3出自想法而非工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，

whitecollar productivity is no higher now than it was 30 years ago.

但是白領階級的生產(chǎn)力比起30年前，并沒有什么進步。

hyperinflation

惡性通貨膨脹

Throughout Cuba,Russia and much of Eastern Europe,

在古巴、俄羅斯以及東歐大部分地區(qū)，

people from shopkeepers to school teachers stash greenbacks as a shield against hyperinflation and the sudden devaluation of their own currencies.

從店員到教師等等的老百姓莫不在搜集美元，以抵擋惡性通貨膨脹及他們本國貨幣的突然貶值。

The short-term aim of this self-induced shock treatment is curiously,

有趣的是，這次自動實施“休克療法”的目的，

to halt hyperinflation,which in December ran at a rate of 600%.

是為了制止惡性通貨膨脹。在12月，通膨率已高達600%.

indicator

指標

The index of leading economic indicators fell 0.3% in May.

5月的領先指標指數(shù)下跌0.3%。

In the same month new-home sales plunged to a 12-month low,

同月的新屋銷售率跌到12個月以來的低點。

despite the best mortgage rates in two decades.

但是房屋貸款利率卻是20年來最高點。

In one such report,Commerce said last week that its index of leading economic indicators rose a strong 1.2% in July.

美國商務部上周在經(jīng)濟報千中透露，7月的領先指標指數(shù)挺進了1.2%

industrialized countries

工業(yè)化國家

At the same time came the liberalization of economic policies in Latin America from Chile to Mexico and the rapid growth of the newly industrialized countries of Asia's Racific Rim.

拉丁美洲自智利到墨西哥都在實施經(jīng)濟自由化政策，而且太平洋邊緣的亞洲新興工業(yè)化國家成長快速。

The world was suddenly ravenous for American capital.

這個世界突然之間對美國的資金趨之若鶩。

money supply

貨幣供給

She assumed tight control over the money supply,

她緊縮貨幣供給，

deregulated industry,built a free market economy

使產(chǎn)業(yè)自由化，建立自由市場經(jīng)濟。

and encouraged foreign investment

而且鼓勵外商投資

With inflation still hovering near a mild 3%,

因為通貨膨脹率仍盤旋在溫和的3%上下，

he Federal Reserve Board would seem to have little reason to tighten the money supply and push interest rates up.

所以聯(lián)邦儲備委員會似乎沒有什么理由緊縮貨幣供給以及調高利率。

Reaganomics

里根經(jīng)濟學

He also suggested that Tsongas was proposing merely an updated version of Reaganomics.

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他也暗示桑格斯只是提出一份更新過的里根經(jīng)濟學而已。

Last week's elections demonstrated that all too many voters still believe the old fantasy of Reaganomics

上周的選舉顯示還有太多選民相信里根經(jīng)濟學那一套老的夢想，

hat taxes can be cut while government programs grow.

稅可以減，政府計劃仍能成長。

state-run

國營

Olga Ivanova supplements her meager monthly pension of 205 rubles($2.28 at the current tourist rate)by selling eggs on a Yaroslavl street corner.

Olga Ivanova 在Yaroslavl的街頭賣雞蛋以補貼每月微薄的205盧布退休金收入。

She vaguely recalls buying smoked ham in a state-run shop six or seven years ago,

她依稀記得六七年前曾在國營商店買過煙熏火腿，

but the only meat available now sells for 40 rubles for 2 lbs.,or 20%of her income,at the free market.

但現(xiàn)在只能在自由市場買到肉，價格是兩磅40盧布，相當于她20%的收入。

On April 14,1991,armed robbers raided Amsterdam's state-run Van Gogh Museum at night,

1991年4月14日，武裝搶匪在晚間闖入國營的凡•高博物館，

cut tha alarm system and spent 45 minutes picking out 20 works by the Dutch Impressionist.

切斷警報系統(tǒng)，并且花了45分鐘時間挑走了這位荷蘭印象派畫家的20件作品。

twin deficits

雙赤字

Bringing down America's twin deficits will demand a wealth of ideas and compromises.

欲降低美國的雙赤字將需要許多的意見與妥協(xié)。

No single fix will do the job.

沒有一個單獨的方案能竟全功。

In addition,the economy was menaced by those terrible twin deficits in the federal budget and foreign trade.

另外，整體經(jīng)濟也遭到聯(lián)邦預算與對外貿(mào)易雙重赤字的破壞。