此類單選題以WH QUESTION(who, when, what, where, why, how等)形式出現(xiàn),由于選擇對象明確,此類題目相對容易做,在做題過程中應(yīng)注意干擾方向。
例1:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 1 Question 3
Who did Peter talk to at the bank?
A. an old friend
B. an American man
C. a German man
解析:通過讀題干可得知選擇對象是某個人,并且出現(xiàn)了地點狀語at the bank,由此圈定事件的發(fā)生地。由選項可得知答案可能出現(xiàn)人物的國籍干擾因素。原文為He is a tourist, from New York. 由此可判斷選擇B選項。
例2:Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 2 Question 11
When is this year’s festival being held?
A. 1-13 January
B. 5-17 January
C. 25-31 January
解析:通過讀題干可得知選擇對象是時間,并且明顯是時間段。this year’s festival限定了選擇對象的時間范圍,所以在文中可能出現(xiàn)時間上的干擾。原文中首先提到在過去幾年中時間都是定在5日到17日左右,因此可排除B選項,接著說this year, they’ve put it at the end of the month, 盡管沒有提到具體時間,但顯然應(yīng)該選擇C選項。
例3:Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 2 Question 12
What will the reviewer concentrate on today?
A. theatre
B. dance
C. exhibition
解析:通過讀題干可得知選擇對象是一個事物,時間狀語today的出現(xiàn)說明題目中可能存在時間上的干擾,我們要選擇的是評論家當(dāng)天要介紹的,而不是其他時間要講的。原文中三個選項同時出現(xiàn)了,但隨后的信息中又提到in today’s report, I’m looking at some of the theatrical events that you might like to see. 由theatrical events可得知應(yīng)選擇A選項。
雅思聽力單選題二、非問句形式出現(xiàn)的單選題
此類選擇題相對復(fù)雜一些,選擇對象不明顯,需根據(jù)題目和選項意思尋找題目思路。此類選擇題選項也相對來說也比較長,比較復(fù)雜,容易受干擾因素影響。雅思中國網(wǎng)海外考試研究中心總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn),這類題目雅思??嫉闹饕幸韵聨最悾?/p>
1. 概念解釋:考試中常常會就文中提到的某些概念或名詞作一些解釋,這些概念通常是不熟悉的,或者很容易產(chǎn)生誤解的。此類題目通常會以從句的形式出現(xiàn),如…is who…/…is when…./…is that…./being…is….或者以一個簡單句sth be…/sth do…出現(xiàn)
例1:Cambridge 3 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36
Being overweight
A. is a major source of back pain
B. worsens existing back pain
C. reduces the effectiveness of exercise.
解析:結(jié)合題干和選項,本題要求對超重作一個解釋,是一個簡單句,并且AB選項都和back pain有關(guān),C選項則和exercise有關(guān)。原文中提到back pain時說到:the weight will increase the strain and make things worse,因此B選項為正確答案。
例2:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 4 Question 31
Corporate crime is generally committed
A. against individual
B. by groups
C. for companies
解析:題目要求對corporate crime進行解釋,是一個簡單句,補充的為一個介詞短語,三個選項都和犯罪主體或?qū)ο笥嘘P(guān)。原文用be defined as來引出定義:crime which is committed for the corporate organization-the company-not against it。幾乎和原題是一樣的表達方式,因此答案為C.
例3:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 18
Loans are also available to students who
A. can’t pay their rent
B. need to buy furniture
C. can’t cover their living expenses
解析:該題為一個復(fù)雜句,補充的是一個定語從句來解釋哪種學(xué)生能得到貸款,并且從選項中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種貸款和生活有關(guān)。原文中提到:when you move into a new flat, starting up expenses including furniture for it can be covered by a loan。因此B為正確選項。
2. 個人,機構(gòu)的看法,建議,喜好:在這類選擇題中通常能看到advise, suggest, recommend, like, think, according to等表示意見建議及喜好的單詞和詞組。在做題的過程中必須先搞清楚題目要求弄清的是誰的想法,是站在哪方的角度上考慮的,否則就很容易出錯了。
例1:Cambridge 3 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32
According to the speaker, the main cause of back pain in women is
A. pregnancy
B. osteoporosis
C. lack of exercise
解析:題目要求找出女性背痛的一個主要原因,并且是說話人的一個個人想法。三個選項在原文中都有出現(xiàn),當(dāng)提到osteoporosis時說到:which I personally believe to be the major cause of problem for women,表達了自己的意見,因此答案為B.
3.表原因,結(jié)果,條件:這類考題也是非常多見的,題干的句末通常是because, because of, be caused by, if 等表示原因、結(jié)果、條件的詞。
例1:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14
A personal crisis may be caused by
A. studying for too long overseas
B. business problems in the student’s own country
C. disruptions to personal relationships
解析:題目要求找出引起個人危機的原因,三個選項描述的內(nèi)容各不相同,并且在原文中都有提到。在做題時必須區(qū)分哪個是原因,選項的表達方式是否正確。粗略聽下來會覺得文講到的原因似乎在選項中都有,仔細分辨選項就會發(fā)現(xiàn),A中too long為多余成分,文中沒有提到;B中business problem為真正意義上的商業(yè)問題,而文中只是講到y(tǒng)ou might call “unfinished business”,實際上business就是 affair的意思,因此這個答案也是錯誤的,正確的為C選項。
例2:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 15
Students may lose self-esteem if
A. they have to change courses
B. they don’t complete their courses
C. their family puts too much pressure on them
解析:題目要求找出在哪種情況下學(xué)生的自尊心會受到傷害,選項AB與課程有關(guān),不同的是A選項指換課,B選項指完不成課程。原文中有聽到C選項的內(nèi)容,但沒有跟自尊心聯(lián)系起來。原文中提到:if you fail a subject or drop out of a course because it’s too difficult then your self-esteem can suffer,then前后的內(nèi)容表達了事情條件和結(jié)果。因此答案為B。
4. 句意補充:有些考題要求把句子補充完整,通常補充動詞短語、賓語或補語。此類考題形式多樣,需結(jié)合題干和選項從語法上判斷補充的成分的詞性和類型。
例1:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 17
Students in financial difficulties can receive
A. assistance to buy books
B. a loan to pay their course fees
C. a no-interest loan to cover study expenses
解析:題目要求補充一個賓語,選項中BC都和loan有關(guān)。文中提到學(xué)生可得到貸款,但low interest loan,很容易就能否定掉C選項。講到貸款的作用時出現(xiàn)了to buy books,因此答案為A。
例2:Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 24
Readingsessions help students to read
A. analytically
B. as fast as possible
C. thoroughly
解析:題目要求補充動詞read的狀語。文中提到get into the habit of analyzing material as you read it,說明在閱讀過程中要做到邊閱讀邊分析,因此A選項正確。
例3:Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 19
The university accommodation officer will
A. send a list of agents for students to contact
B. contact accommodation agencies for students
C. ensure that students have suitable accommodation
解析:題目要求補充完整謂語成分,根據(jù)題目意思可知與解決住宿問題有關(guān)。原文中提到有許多租房中介,并且學(xué)校負責(zé)住宿的官員會代表學(xué)生與之聯(lián)系:will deal with the agencies on your behalf,因此正確答案為C。
5. 考時間,地點,數(shù)字:這是非常細節(jié)的考題,盡管目標明確,但往往會有很多陷阱或者考生不熟悉的表達方式出現(xiàn),所以讀題時要注意干擾信息的方向的判斷,在定位之后一定要仔細分辨信息。
例1:Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 22
The “Study for Success” seminar lasts for
A. one day
B. two days
C. three days
解析:通過讀題可發(fā)現(xiàn)可用“Study for Success” seminar來定位,原文提到時間時并沒有直接說幾天,而是講出了具體哪幾天:that’s on the first and second of February. 因此答案為2天,很容易忽略。
例2:Cambridge 4 Test 4 Section 4 Question 38
Most sharks are caught in
A. spring
B. summer
C. winter
解析:題目考季節(jié),在原文中也提到了具體的月份—November to February,很容易選擇冬天。但文章介紹的是澳大利亞的鯊魚,屬于南半球,季節(jié)正好與北半球相反,因此根據(jù)常識應(yīng)選擇夏天。
例3:Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 32
Pictures of Asiatic lions can be seen on ancient coins from
A. Greece
B. TheMiddle East
C. India
解析:通過讀題干可得知亞洲獅的形象是在銀幣上的,我們需要找出是哪國銀幣。聽題過程中會發(fā)現(xiàn)三個地區(qū)都有聽到,但都提到時只是再說這幾個區(qū)域曾經(jīng)有亞洲獅出現(xiàn)。之后有Greek coins出現(xiàn),很顯然應(yīng)該選擇A。
例4:Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 19
The number of students counseled by the service last year was
A. 214
B. 240
C. 2600
解析:通過題干可得知要選的數(shù)字是指人數(shù),并且是去年的人數(shù)。原文中2600的單位為hours,顯然不正確。此題的目的就是考查學(xué)生能否正確區(qū)分14和40,根據(jù)重音不同,不難區(qū)分出答案為B。