雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題分單選題和多選題,備考時(shí)需要針對(duì)不同的類(lèi)型,進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
1. 雅思聽(tīng)力單選題的特點(diǎn)
(1) 題干、選項(xiàng)通常都較長(zhǎng),閱讀量大,需要考生較快的閱讀速度;
(2).選項(xiàng)中干擾信息多,正確答案通常以間接信息出現(xiàn)。
2. 單選題的解題思路
(1) 第一遍讀題快速瀏覽所有題干,劃出路標(biāo)詞;
(2).第二遍讀題仔細(xì)閱讀選項(xiàng),比較選項(xiàng)的異同,并劃出選項(xiàng)中的核心詞匯,即選項(xiàng)的細(xì)節(jié)特點(diǎn),如:
否定詞
don’t,didn’t,haven’t,have no,without,lack,there’s no等,選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)這些詞,聽(tīng)音時(shí)注意原文如有否定詞或否定形式出現(xiàn),此選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng);
E.g. 1:Cambridge 4- Test 2-Section 2-Question 13
The international students find the stress especially difficult to deal with because
A. they lack the support from family or friends.
B. they don’t have time to make friends.
C. they find it difficult to socialize.
解析:在閱讀選項(xiàng)時(shí),注意A選項(xiàng)的lack為否定詞匯(沒(méi)有朋友、家人的支持);B選項(xiàng)也有否定(沒(méi)有時(shí)間)。聽(tīng)音時(shí)應(yīng)注意目標(biāo),原文是否有否定,是沒(méi)有“支持”,還是沒(méi)有“時(shí)間”。錄音材料在重讀without一詞時(shí),應(yīng)注意與本題有關(guān),之后說(shuō)“social network”,“you know,social contact,family,friends”。通過(guò)否定詞without及之后的詞確定A選項(xiàng)為答案。
錄音:And of course you should cope with all this without your usual social network. Youknow, the social contact, family and friends that you can rely on for help.
比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)
比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)如選項(xiàng)“They have to study harder than they did at school”,在聽(tīng)音時(shí)一定注意原文是否有比較級(jí)出現(xiàn),如只聽(tīng)到study very hard,沒(méi)有比較,此選項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)詞(如only,all,must,always,too等);
修飾限定的形容詞或副詞
修飾限定的形容詞或副詞也是讀選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵之一。
E.g. 2: Cambridge4-Test 4-Section 2-Question 13
The walks offered by Travellite
A. cater for a range of walking abilities.
B. are planned by guides from the local area.
C. are for people with good fitness levels.
解析:A選項(xiàng)有修飾詞a range of,C選項(xiàng)有修飾詞good,在讀選項(xiàng)時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)將這些詞標(biāo)注,而不是其后的名詞。選項(xiàng)C的fitnesslevels是干擾的重點(diǎn),與錄音原文文字一致,但起限定作用的形容詞good與錄音原文中all含義不一致,所以C是錯(cuò)選。正確選項(xiàng)為A選項(xiàng),a range of指的就是錄音原文中的all。
錄音:Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels.
聽(tīng)到題干的路標(biāo)詞后,抓住句子的核心詞,快速與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)照。如果選項(xiàng)中的核心詞匯(即上面提到的細(xì)節(jié)詞匯)在原文沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng),此選項(xiàng)也通常為干擾項(xiàng);
有些選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成明顯的對(duì)比,可以通過(guò)它們之間的差異,縮小聽(tīng)音范圍。
E.g. 3: Cambridge5-Test 3-Section 2-Question 20
With regard to their English, the speaker advises that students to
A. tell their lecturers if they have problems understanding.
B. have private English lessons when they arrive.
C. practice their spoken English before they arrive.
解析:B、C選項(xiàng)存在明顯對(duì)比,一個(gè)是到英國(guó)后加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ),一個(gè)是來(lái)英國(guó)前加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ);關(guān)鍵詞分別劃在when和before來(lái)進(jìn)行區(qū)分,同時(shí)可以先排除A。
錄音:Having saidthat though, I’m afraid the lecturers will make little or no allowance for the presence of non-native speakers in the audience, so anything you can do to improve your spoken English, even beyond the pretty high level most of you have already reached will make your stay with us that bit more fun for you. Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards when you won’t really have time.
2.雅思聽(tīng)力多選題的特點(diǎn)
(1)選項(xiàng)通常較長(zhǎng),需要考生快速、準(zhǔn)確的閱讀能力;
(2)正確答案的數(shù)量在題目中有規(guī)定,考生要注意題干要求。
多選題的解題思路
(1)分析選項(xiàng)的方法與單選題相同;
(2)比較選項(xiàng),找出結(jié)構(gòu)相似細(xì)節(jié)不同的選項(xiàng),這樣的選項(xiàng)中往往會(huì)有一個(gè)是答案;
(3)選項(xiàng)較簡(jiǎn)單的,錄音和選項(xiàng)會(huì)有同義替換,不能按照所聽(tīng)即所得的原則選擇。
E.g. 4: Cambridge 6-Test 4-Section 3
Questions 28-30
Which THREE topics do this term’s studyskills workshops cover?
A. An introduction to the Internet
B. How to carry out research for adissertation
C. Making good use of the whole range of library services
D. Planning a dissertation
E. Standard requirements when writing a dissertation
F. Using the Internet when doing research
G. What books and technical resources are available in the library
解析:選項(xiàng)A,F(xiàn)都提及Internet,可以歸為一類(lèi);選項(xiàng)B,D,E都與Dissertation有關(guān),歸為第二類(lèi);選項(xiàng)C,G中都有Library,歸為第三類(lèi)。這樣就根據(jù)一定的特點(diǎn)把選項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了歸類(lèi),根據(jù)類(lèi)似選項(xiàng)形成互相干擾并且容易得出正確答案的原則,可以大膽的預(yù)測(cè)三類(lèi)中各出一個(gè)正確答案,正好組成此題的最終答案。如此抽絲剝繭,能把零零散散的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)歸為有特點(diǎn)的三大類(lèi),從視覺(jué)上已經(jīng)感覺(jué)輕松許多,而并不是面對(duì)七個(gè)毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的選項(xiàng),是在三類(lèi)中選三個(gè)答案。接下來(lái)需要做的就是排除同類(lèi)中的唯一或者最多不超過(guò)兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),寫(xiě)下正確答案。
雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題小竅門(mén)
(1)為了考查考生的聽(tīng)力理解能力,雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題采用兩大干擾方法:間接信息與陷阱
(2) 間接信息指的是:錄音中聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容與正確選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容貌離神合——經(jīng)常是文字不一致,但意思一致;
(3)干擾項(xiàng)指的是:錄音中聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容與若干錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容貌合神離,通常是文字一致,但意思風(fēng)馬牛不相及。
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