國內(nèi)考生參加雅思口語考試,通常會帶有一些中國特色。習(xí)慣了傳統(tǒng)課堂提問式的互動溝通模式,很多考生同樣在雅思口語中會運(yùn)用這一方法進(jìn)行作答。遇到問題,就會比較急切的想要解釋清楚,因此對于考官提問,考生的回答聽起來總有些敷衍了事,即:yes/no,because I think…這種回答模式就是想要說的第一種口語陷阱,在雅思初學(xué)者中廣泛存在。
Doyou like taking photos?
Yes,because I think photos can help me to record the happy things in the past. Itwill offer me good memories.
類似這樣的回答在考生中出現(xiàn)的頻率是非常高的。緊張的情況下,要能夠快速地進(jìn)行表達(dá)就只能想出比較冠冕堂皇的回答。雖然很多考生深知,這樣的回答方式可能不受考官喜歡,但是要在短時間內(nèi)構(gòu)思新的想法真的難度太大。因此,無論是在備考還是在真正的考場上,考生都遵循because原則答題。殊不知,很多時候單單的用因果關(guān)系答題,反而會使得語言和形式單一化。
如Do you like walking?
Yes,because walking can made me relax and it helps me to release my pressure.
有的時候甚至無法做出很好的解釋。
如Where do Chinese like togo dancing?
Theylike to go dancing on the square, because…似乎很難有理由可以扶正為什么人們喜歡去廣場跳舞,這里很可能考生的流利度上就會大打折扣。
突圍方法:故事法
對于上述現(xiàn)象,建議大家反復(fù)使用故事法,即從when,where, who, what, why, how, how long, how often這些故事基本信息點(diǎn)進(jìn)行全面的話題拓展,而不是僅僅注重why一個點(diǎn)。
對于Do you like taking photos?我們可以從how often/ what/when等基本點(diǎn)進(jìn)行構(gòu)思。
Yes,that’s for sure. I am pretty fond of taking photos. I take photos frequently,rough everyday. In most cases, I will take photos of food, people and pets aswell.
對于Do you like walking?我們可以從who/ when/where/what等基本信息點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
Yes.As a rule, I will take a walk after dinner. I will go with my parents to thepark that is not far away from our community. During the process, we will chatwith each other on our daily experience.
剛才提到的dancing話題也可以從基本點(diǎn)如where/when/how long等出發(fā)。
Wheredo Chinese like to go dancing?
Actually,most of Chinese are rather keen on dancing on the square. To be more specific,most of old and middle-aged people will go to the square that is not far awayfrom their home and dance individually or in pairs for nearly one hour. Also,young people would like to choose the dancing room for different dancingstyles.
總結(jié):再次提醒廣大備考學(xué)員要在備考的過程中就讓自己走出陷阱,養(yǎng)成好的回答問題習(xí)慣,可以使大家在口語備考過程中越來越自信,能夠更多的進(jìn)行經(jīng)歷的陳述,而不是僅關(guān)注于個人情感抒發(fā)。
口語陷阱二:就事論事
所謂就事論事,即完全按照問題回答和解釋,不進(jìn)行比較深入的拓展。這一類話題通常出現(xiàn)在part3中,由于問題較抽象,考生無法很快地深入回答話題,僅能按照關(guān)鍵詞浮于表面,從而沒有內(nèi)容發(fā)展或是無法將問題進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。這是第二類口語陷阱,也是大部分考生在備考或是真實(shí)考試中都陷入的一個陷阱,使得最終流利度和邏輯性上都有一定的失分。
一個典型的問題是針對part2話題Describe an antique or old thing in your family that you have kept for a long time中出現(xiàn)的part3問題Which one do you prefer,old things or new things?通常被問到這個話題,同學(xué)會一股腦的說old things或者也有同學(xué)會回答new things, 要進(jìn)行深入描述的時候,很多同學(xué)都停下來不知道應(yīng)該如何繼續(xù)。究其原因,單單的從new和old這兩個詞上做文章,難度太大,范圍太廣。
同樣,旅游類話題中有這樣一個part3的問題,Why do Chinesepeople like traveling abroad?話題確實(shí)可以用列舉法列出國外旅游的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是同學(xué)除了能夠想到感受不同的文化以外,就很難有較有力的觀點(diǎn)。因此,不僅考生回答的長度顯得比較短,考生與考生之間的觀點(diǎn)也是大相徑庭的。
突圍方法:歸納法;對比法
對于第二類口語陷阱,建議考生適當(dāng)使用歸納法和對比法進(jìn)行解答,這樣能夠有效避免口語沒有內(nèi)容可講且講不具體的問題。
歸納法:
Whichone do you prefer, old things or new things?
事實(shí)上對于這道題目,只要大家能夠歸納一些新或者老物件就可以很好地作答了。
Newthings: cellphone (functional); clothes (fashionable); furniture (user-friendly)
有了上面的歸納,我們很快就可以構(gòu)成一個完整的回答。
I will show my preference to new things. I mean the new cellphone and otherelectronic devices. They are more functional and smart. Also, compared with oldclothes, new clothes are more fashionable. As for stuff like new furniture,they are user-friendly. In this case, I prefer to new things to old ones.
對比法:
問題Why do Chinese people like traveling abroad?我們在思考的時候除了緊盯traveling abroad這個短語就事論事以外,還可以適當(dāng)使用對比法,它可以使得問題迎刃而解。
Traveling abroad對比起來就是domestic traveling, 如果我們關(guān)注國外旅游的優(yōu)點(diǎn),并且指出國內(nèi)游的缺點(diǎn),問題解決的速度要遠(yuǎn)比指出國外游的兩到三個優(yōu)點(diǎn)來的簡單。
One possible reason is that overseas traveling is a good way for individuals to broaden their horizon. They can be acquainted with new culture and city well.However, for domestic traveling, it is usually quite crowded and noisy as most of people go sightseeing during the public holidays. I suppose, these are the main reasons why Chinese prefer to travel abroad.
總結(jié):希望廣大考生對于口語中出現(xiàn)的抽象詞匯引起重視,不要只就詞說理,運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)臍w納將詞匯具體化,或是從話題的對立面出發(fā)進(jìn)行反證。這種構(gòu)思想法的速度要比單從問題表象來回答更快。
口語陷阱三:答非所問
在平時的練習(xí)中,同學(xué)們在回答問題的時候一般都遵循直線思維,即對于問題能夠快速具體地就一個論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行大段論述。由于自己的具體論述,考生對自己的表現(xiàn)通常都是比較滿意的,但是最終的口語成績卻并不是很如意。那是什么原因造成的呢?這個時候,我們就要考慮到考生的答案是不是按照考官的期望發(fā)展的,是否一不小心進(jìn)入了我們要說的第三個陷阱:答非所問。
如What occasions will people send flowers to others in your country?
In China, people usually send flowers to others on Valentine’s Day or Chinese Valentine’s Day. In most cases, boys will send a bunch of rose to their girlfriends. Of course, in my family, my father usually will prepare flowers to my mother to give her a great surprise. It is a good way to enhance their relationship.
雖然考生確實(shí)按照話題進(jìn)行了回答,但回答的重點(diǎn)跑偏了。問題的重點(diǎn)是需要考生說出不同的送花情境,但是考生回答卻單側(cè)重于情人節(jié)送花這一場合,并沒有對其它情境做出解釋,典型的答非所問。
陷阱三的另一個特點(diǎn)是不按照關(guān)鍵詞回答,雖然內(nèi)容有一定的具體度,朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師收集到了這樣一個答案:
What qualities should a big company have?
A big company should focus on the research and development of new products. Once the new products are developed, the company can stand out in a specific industry. It also means that the staff of the company are quite hardworking. I suppose these are important qualities for a big company.
雖然內(nèi)容上有一定的具體度,也說明了大公司要努力的目標(biāo),但是問題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是qualities,考生需要就這個詞直接回答問題并且做出進(jìn)一步的說明。但是我們看到上面的回答并沒有讓我們明顯的了解大公司應(yīng)該具有的品質(zhì)。
突圍方法:列舉法
面對上述陷阱,考生要做到的是:從關(guān)鍵詞出發(fā),直接回答考官的問題。這里,建議大家使用列舉法進(jìn)行作答,把關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)點(diǎn)一一列舉。
如What occasions will people send flowers to others in your country?
這個問題我們除了可以說Valentine’s Day, 還可以說慶?;蚴翘酵∪?,然后在每個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)上增加具體度即可。
In China, people usually send flower to others on special festivals like Valentine’s Day, Teachers’ Day and Mother’s day. Also, when the students successfully get their Master’s or Bachelor’s Degree, parents usually will send them flowers to congratulations to them. Nowadays, it is common for people to send flowers to friends or relative who are in hospital.
同樣,對于公司的品質(zhì),我們可以用一些如innovative,far-sighted, cooperative這樣的詞來直接回答問題。
What qualities should a big company have?
The important qualities for a big company are innovative and far-sighted. I mean the company is supposed to focus on the research and development of new products. Once the new products are developed, the company can stand out in as pecific industry. What’s more, a big company should be quite cooperative. That is too say, the employees of the company should cooperate with each other well and thus improving working efficiency.
總結(jié):口語問答中需要考生保持清醒的頭腦,按照關(guān)鍵詞回答問題。答題方向和思路一定要在短時間內(nèi)理清。
口語陷阱四:固執(zhí)己見
固執(zhí)己見,顧名思義,頑固地堅持自己的意見而不肯改變。在口語備考過程中,這是一個常出現(xiàn)的問題,主要出現(xiàn)在詞匯的表達(dá)上。很多考生當(dāng)缺少某個詞匯的時候,就容易停頓不前,抑或是跳過上句,直接開始下句。這樣的行為不僅會讓考官摸不著頭腦,不理解邏輯,且由于長時間的停頓,考生在流利度方面也會相應(yīng)的失分。除了在詞匯上,在想法構(gòu)思上很多同學(xué)也非常容易固執(zhí)己見,而停滯不前。這個是我們要說的第四個陷阱。
最近有這么一道part3問題:Are there any negative decisions of the leader in your country? 考生一考完試就覺得疑惑,考官為什么會問政治方面的問題呢?聽完回答后,我們就可以理解為什么考生把這個問題定義為政治性:當(dāng)要求說一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人負(fù)面決策的時候,我們同學(xué)很快就有了答案,那就是:文革。這個確實(shí)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的負(fù)面決策,但是說起來是一個很長的故事。考生確信自己很幸運(yùn)地想到了一個正確的答案,但是苦于不知道如何回答,所以還是在這道題上表現(xiàn)不佳。
突圍方法:思維發(fā)散法
這個口語陷阱一旦陷進(jìn)去,就很難能夠擺脫。事實(shí)上,大家要把思維發(fā)散開來,回答問題的方法和方向有很多種,但是我們不能硬逼著自己從最困難的方面說起,唯有將自己的思維再發(fā)散一些,我們才能找到更好的回答方法。
對于上述問題,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的決策,通常都是關(guān)系到民生的,也就是我們所說的衣食住行(clothes,food, housing and transport)。與其說文革,我們就拿住房問題來說好了,近些年來,很多城市都有房屋拆遷這樣的政策,雖然說是方便地方發(fā)展,但是確確實(shí)實(shí)很多老年人,當(dāng)他們從傳統(tǒng)房屋搬到公寓樓里后,生活顯得更加孤單。且很多家庭的生活成本也有所提高,他們需要自己買各種生活物品和食物,而不是靠自己種一些蔬菜水果來降低生活成本。從某些方面來說,這也算是決策的負(fù)面性之一。
Are there any negative decisions of the leader in your country?
Well,yes. In recent years, many traditional houses have been demolished and most of the local habitants have to live in the apartment built by the local government. Even though it will benefit the local development, it is not a wise decision for most of the old people who once rely on the vegetables and fruit planted by them own. Also, they are lonelier than before. To some extent, these are negative decisions of the leader.
總結(jié):面對雅思口語中的這一類陷阱,考生一定要保持清醒的頭腦,不要偏執(zhí)地從自己不擅長的角度回答問題??谡Z考試首先要保證一定的流利度,其次再配合一定的邏輯思維,奇怪的想法會導(dǎo)致雙方面都失分。大家一定要多發(fā)散性的思考問題,選取自己最擅長的方式進(jìn)行作答。
口語陷阱五:照章辦事
所謂照章辦事,即按照規(guī)定辦理事情??脊賿伋隽藛栴},考生就一定要找到對應(yīng)的答案,這個思維在考生中是非常普遍的。很多考生分類問題難度的方法是:這個問題我是否能夠找到答案。如果對于問題,能夠找出答案,并且進(jìn)行一定長度的回答,考生自然會覺得問題的難度不大,起碼能夠說下去。事實(shí)上,這也算是雅思口語的陷阱之一:照章辦事。照章辦事,找出答案并不是總能行得通的,口語考試更多的是需要學(xué)生能夠真正地跟考官進(jìn)行交流。
如Are there any gifts you are not into?
收集到了這樣的答案:
Yes.I hate people send me clock as a gift. It is due to the fact that clock is a taboo in our tradition. The meaning is not auspicious at all.
It is just like a kind of curse. So that is why I dislike it.
對于這個問題的相似回答還有很多??忌⒁獾氖牵嚎脊僭趩柎痤}的環(huán)節(jié)中,主要想了解大家語言水平的同時,也想進(jìn)一步了解考生本人。如果每個考生都用同樣的方式回答,那這個問題就顯得沒有任何意義了。
突圍方法:實(shí)事求是法
要在雅思口語中展現(xiàn)自己真實(shí)的一面,朗閣海外考試研究中心建議大家實(shí)事求是,從自己的實(shí)際出發(fā)進(jìn)行問題解答。
如上述問題,如果確實(shí)有不喜歡的禮物,考生大可以從個人經(jīng)歷出發(fā),表達(dá)自己的興趣和偏愛。
Are there any gifts you are not into?
Yes,there are. In my memory, I received at least three reference books from my aunt when I was in senior high school. I was so frustrated at that time. To tell you the truth, my parents had already bought me the similar books and I was looking forward to receiving gifts that were interesting and attractive. Thus, I was no pleased with them.
總結(jié):對于這樣一類問題,建議大家從實(shí)際出發(fā),實(shí)事求是地回答問題。這樣不僅更真實(shí),而且更能夠讓考官感受到不一樣的你。如果可以,希望考生能從實(shí)際出發(fā)進(jìn)行話題解答,切記不要掉進(jìn)雅思口語的“問答”陷阱。
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