雅思口語(yǔ)解析：Politeness

　　01

　　How do Chinese people show politeness?

　　02

　　Is there any difference between etiquette in cities and in small towns?

　　03

　　How do you deal with impolite people?

　　04

　　What kinds of behaviour are not polite?

　　1. How do Chinese people show politeness?

　　解析：

　　中國(guó)人如何展現(xiàn)禮貌?很多同學(xué)覺(jué)得這個(gè)題很難回答，因?yàn)橛械耐瑢W(xué)覺(jué)得禮貌是出于對(duì)于他人的尊重，而是不是為了“展現(xiàn)”，另外還有很多同學(xué)的覺(jué)得除了說(shuō) “謝謝” 和“對(duì)不起”沒(méi)有什么好說(shuō)的。

　　首先，這個(gè)題理解成我們中國(guó)人禮貌的表現(xiàn)或者行為就可以了。其次，說(shuō)“謝謝”和“對(duì)不起”可能是幾乎所有文化中都有的表達(dá)禮貌的方式，因此我們要想一想有哪些中國(guó)人特有的表達(dá)禮貌的方式。比如說(shuō)，我們?yōu)楸碜鹬兀瑫?huì)用“您”這樣的尊稱;會(huì)經(jīng)?？洫?jiǎng)對(duì)方;會(huì)在吃飯的時(shí)候有具體的席位安排、敬酒規(guī)矩等等。

　　詞匯：

　　尊稱 address sb. respectfully

　　席位安排 seats arrangement

　　敬酒規(guī)則 toasting rules

　　范例：

　　Chinese people usually show politeness by saying THANK YOU and SORRY a lot, but I guess that is common in many other countries. We do have some special ways to show our respect. For instance, we would address people respectfully sometimes, when they are older, more experienced, in higher positions, or simply strangers. We would praise people a lot, admiring their achievements and experience. Another thing worth mentioning is the drinking culture in China. There are specific seats arrangement and toasting rules when people drink or have dinner. The rules might vary in different places, but they are equally important. So basically, we like to make others feel comfortable or respected.

　　2. Is there any difference between etiquette in cities and in small towns?

　　解析：

　　首先來(lái)說(shuō)一下題目中的詞匯，etiquette |?et?ket,-k?t| 禮節(jié)，禮儀

　　城市禮節(jié)：

　　更加注重隱私、喜歡保持一定的隱私空間

　　非常注意一些細(xì)節(jié)，盡量避免讓周圍的人感到不適

　　小城鎮(zhèn)禮節(jié)：

　　關(guān)系更加親近，相對(duì)沒(méi)有那么在意隱私

　　接納性更強(qiáng)，因?yàn)樯磉叺娜松罘绞胶陀^念更為接近，所以不會(huì)那么在意一些細(xì)節(jié)

　　詞匯：

　　婚禮 wedding

　　葬禮 funeral

　　隱私 privacy

　　個(gè)人空間 personal space

　　親密 intimacy, closeness

　　范例：

　　Most etiquettes are quite similar, but there are several major differences. The first one is the closeness between people. In the cities, people tend to be more indifferent and remote. There are simply too many people, so it is really hard to maintain close relationship with all the people around you, so it is really very understandable. People in the small towns, on the other hand, are closer to each other. Another thing is that, people in the cities emphasis their privacy a lot. When they talk to each other, they prefer to keep certain personal space, and they do not like to be asked questions that are too personal, like salary, age, marriage. And there are many differences when people are holding weddings or funerals, but there is really complicated, and I do not quite understand it.

　　3. How do you deal with impolite people?

　　解析：

　　你會(huì)如何處理不禮貌的人?大家對(duì)于不禮貌或者看不慣的行為，無(wú)非有以下幾種反應(yīng)：置之不理;和氣溝通;講原則講道理，直到解決問(wèn)題。我們生活中會(huì)遇到很多不禮貌的行為，比如插隊(duì)、隨手扔垃圾、當(dāng)面討論我們等等。大家不同處理方式的原因也不盡相同。有的時(shí)候是因?yàn)樾愿裨?，有的時(shí)候可能是時(shí)間問(wèn)題或者當(dāng)時(shí)情況的問(wèn)題。

　　詞匯：

　　行為不端 misbehave

　　大聲喧嘩 make noise

　　扔垃圾 litter

　　吐痰 spit

　　插隊(duì) jump the queue

　　爭(zhēng)吵 dispute, argument

　　忽略 ignore

　　勸說(shuō)，講道理 reason with

　　范例：

　　It really depends. In most cases, I would ignore them because it can be quite exhausting to deal with impolite people. If they misbehave, it is probably safe to say that you cannot reason with them. But if some people were way of the line, I would definitely stand up and do something. I am quite principle-oriented, and it would take a very long time to cool down if I see something wrong and do not do anything about it. Or, if the impolite behaviour would bug me again and again, I would try my best to solve it. For instance, when I first moved into my new apartment, people around were renovating. But some chose to do some really noisy work after 11.00 at night. It’s really inconsiderate and impolite! But I did not want to have dispute with new neighbours, so I called the property management office and asked them to called the owner of property and sort it out.

　　4. What kinds of behaviour are not polite?

　　解析：

　　不禮貌的行為有很多種，共同特征就是會(huì)讓別人覺(jué)得不舒服或者給別人添麻煩。很多行為是否禮貌，可能也要具體的環(huán)境。比如說(shuō)，大聲聊天在KTV、火鍋店之類的地方特別正常，會(huì)讓氣氛顯得特別熱鬧，在圖書(shū)館則不太合適。還有一些行為則是在任何情況下都不太禮貌，比如說(shuō)臟話、隨便扔垃圾、不尊重別人的感受或者勞動(dòng)成果等。

　　范例：

　　Some impolite behaviour are widely acknowledged, like littering or spitting in public places. Some other behaviour need to be judged under specific circumstance. For instance, Chinese people like to talk loud in the restaurants because it is more lively and people enjoy the atmosphere. So it is perfectly okay to talk loudly in diners or karaoke. But it is not polite to do so in quiet places like the library or museum. So I guess behaviour that would offend others or make others uncomfortable are impolite. After all, anything weird we do to ourselves would not be called impolite, it is all about other people’s feeling.