雅思閱讀之閱讀信號(hào)詞定位技巧

　　雅思閱讀最大的特點(diǎn)就是找尋細(xì)節(jié)，答案盡在原文中，只要通過(guò)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到文中具體的區(qū)域，就能攻克各大細(xì)節(jié)題。然而，大量的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，以及答案深層次潛伏的閱讀文章造成了考生們即使弄清題干意思，確認(rèn)關(guān)鍵詞，也無(wú)法順利地定位到答案所在的相應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)。其實(shí)，文章中存在的一些信號(hào)詞也是解答題目的關(guān)鍵。‘signal words’， 就像是大海航行中的忽明忽暗的信號(hào)指示燈，指引著船只前行。同樣，閱讀文章時(shí)，對(duì)這些具有指示意義的信號(hào)詞要多加敏感，因?yàn)楹苡锌赡艽鸢妇驮诟浇?

　　特殊信號(hào)詞

　　特殊的信號(hào)詞，就是那些很容易識(shí)別的詞，如大寫字母開頭的人名，地名，專有名詞，以及特殊印刷體和黑體，這些詞在英語(yǔ)文章中顯得尤為突出，往往也是題干中關(guān)鍵詞的原詞定位。

　　例如 ‘the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for the extra-terrestrial life’ 這句話，出現(xiàn)了US Congress, NASA 專有名詞信號(hào)詞，極有可能成為定位的訊息。的確，判斷題型中有一題‘the NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.’ 就是根據(jù)這兩個(gè)信號(hào)詞精確地回到原文定位。

　　普通信號(hào)詞

　　雅思閱讀作為一項(xiàng)專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言水平測(cè)試，當(dāng)然不能只依靠容易識(shí)別的特殊信號(hào)詞，文章中的普通信號(hào)詞對(duì)于解題可謂是功不可沒(méi)。

　　1)表原因的信號(hào)詞

　　例如reason, cause, since, in that, as, because, thanks to, owing to, 解釋說(shuō)明某一事物或事件，往往會(huì)蘊(yùn)含重要信息。如‘since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that...’ 該句是之后簡(jiǎn)答題‘what is the life expectancy of Earth’ 的答案信息來(lái)源，如果考生只定位Earth, 那就很有可能失分，因?yàn)樵鋵?duì)Earth 做了同義替換的表述，而since這個(gè)信號(hào)詞則提示了答案所在的地方。

　　2)表結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞

　　例如 thus, therefore, so, hence, consequently, as a result, 這些詞往往是對(duì)前面所論述的總結(jié)歸納，例如 ‘Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return’, 該句出現(xiàn)在整篇文章的末段首句，很明顯是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)概括，高度濃縮了信息。最后的主旨選擇題，就是對(duì)該句的改寫：‘they have made the transition from sea to land more than once’.

　　3)表轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞

　　例如however, but, by comparison, nonetheless, nevertheless，這些詞往往表示文章觀點(diǎn)或方向的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該關(guān)注信號(hào)詞后面的內(nèi)容。如‘this definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways’, 前半句指出iconoclasts異于常人，用but轉(zhuǎn)折詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)指出區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵地方。這也是選擇題‘iconoclasts are distinctive because...’ 的出題方向。

　　4)表讓步的信號(hào)詞

　　例如although, though, while, whereas, whilst等連接的句子，后半句才是引出的話題和強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容。 如‘He accurately predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769--though he didn’t survive to see either’, 前半句講述他精確預(yù)測(cè)金星跨越太陽(yáng)的兩次時(shí)間，后半句用though引出讓步內(nèi)容，他沒(méi)有看到任何一次。判斷題中‘Halley observed one transit of the planet Venus’主要就是以原文定位句的后半句為判斷依據(jù)。

　　5)表舉例的信號(hào)詞

　　例如for example, for instance, that is to say, such as, include, 后面引出具體事物的詳細(xì)例子，同時(shí)原文中破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)也有異曲同工之妙，對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如‘in other worlds, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.’ 整句話都在解釋說(shuō)明該段的第二個(gè)假設(shè)‘we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us’, 所舉的例子也是判斷題‘SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways’ 的判斷依據(jù)。

　　6)表順序的信號(hào)詞

　　例如first, second, finally, eventually, later, then, next等，體現(xiàn)出文章內(nèi)容的邏輯性與發(fā)展性。如‘In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First,...Second...’, 使用first 和second這兩個(gè)序數(shù)詞，清晰邏輯地講述了兩個(gè)重要的假設(shè)。這兩個(gè)信號(hào)詞，也是這篇文章heading題型段落大意的重點(diǎn)提示。

　　7)表比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的信號(hào)詞

　　例如more, most, -est, best, better,exclusively, extremely, superior, preferable，表示事物之間的比較，也是文章要強(qiáng)調(diào)的地方。如‘one part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope’, 該句的the world’s largest radio telescopes 對(duì)應(yīng)了題目中the world’s most powerful radio telescopes，答案信息就在這里。