雅思閱讀段落主題這樣定位 精準(zhǔn)快速提取主干

定位段落主題是我們?cè)?a href="http://m.42bites.com/ielts/" target="_blank" class="keylink">雅思閱讀中必須掌握的一項(xiàng)技能，尤其是在雅思考試的文章中，更是必須迅速抓準(zhǔn)主題句，提取文章主干，縮短閱讀時(shí)間，精準(zhǔn)答題方向。那我們應(yīng)該怎么定位呢?首先，我們應(yīng)該明確段落主題的大致位置，那么在哪些地方是段落主題常常出現(xiàn)的位置呢?

段落主題句出現(xiàn)得最多的位置就是段首。

英語(yǔ)文章中最多的就是演繹型的寫法，因?yàn)槲鞣饺讼矚g開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，所以他們常常在每一段的第一句話就先交代出這段話的主旨。這是最簡(jiǎn)單的，也是最常見(jiàn)的主題句位置，如下面這個(gè)例子：

As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways that is appropriate to the society into which he is born. That is to say, he acquires the patterns of behavior that are accepted as normal in his society. This process of social learning is generally referred to as socialization. By socialization, then, we mean the process whereby individuals learn the rules, values and practices of the society in which they live.

上面這段話中的第一句就是對(duì)整體段落大意的一個(gè)介紹;從第二句話中的“That is to say”可以看出來(lái)，第二句話是對(duì)第一句話的解釋;第三句話中的“This process”也是代指的前一句話中的學(xué)習(xí)，成熟過(guò)程。而最后一句話也是對(duì)社會(huì)化的一個(gè)解釋，所以也可以確定第一句話就是段落的主題句。

除了第一句之外，主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段首位置的第二句。那什么時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況呢?分成三種情況：

(1)當(dāng)首句是問(wèn)句時(shí);

(2)當(dāng)首句是過(guò)渡句時(shí);

(3)當(dāng)次句為轉(zhuǎn)折句時(shí)。

在這些情況下，第二句話都會(huì)比第一句話更重要，所以主題句也更可能出現(xiàn)在第二句話中。例如下面這句話：

What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic? Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist, Dr Paul Broca, made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot(凝結(jié)) in the brain) had paralysis(麻痹) of the right half of their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, and vice versa(反之亦然), the brain damage must have been in the brain’s left hemisphere, Psychologists now believe that among right handed people, probably 95 percent have their language centre in the left hemisphere, while 5 percent have right-sided language.

第一句話提問(wèn)：“如果不僅是基因讓人們習(xí)慣于用左手，那還有什么原因呢?”我們能預(yù)測(cè)出，接下來(lái)這段話應(yīng)該就會(huì)給我們介紹除了基因以外的其他原因。正好第二句話說(shuō)：“其他的因素也起到了作用，研究者將線索轉(zhuǎn)向人類大腦方面。”所以能確定，所謂的“其他原因”就是指的“人類大腦”，所以主題句也就是第二句話。