或許這才是解決雅思閱讀選擇題的方法

　　我們分析了之前分析了雅思閱讀選擇題的做題思路(點(diǎn)擊可入)，不難看出，思路是很簡(jiǎn)單的。然而，對(duì)于很多同學(xué)來說，選擇題很難搞定，其實(shí)，選擇題這個(gè)題型的數(shù)量可以決定一場(chǎng)考試的“難度”(即數(shù)量越多，難度越大)。那么除了單詞和句子這兩個(gè)攔路虎外，選擇題究竟難在哪里?

　　選擇題這種題的獨(dú)特的出題形式，決定了其考察點(diǎn)可以是多維度的，那么除了單純的句子配對(duì)，大家還需要在做題和讀文章的時(shí)候注意以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　1. 注意與原文“長得像”的選項(xiàng)。

　　很多同學(xué)在做題的時(shí)候，往往因?yàn)榫渥記]有理解到位而會(huì)選擇一個(gè)與原文“長得像”的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)橛X得這個(gè)選項(xiàng)因?yàn)橛性牡膬?nèi)容，所以覺得有安全感，覺得是找到了組織。殊不知，這個(gè)“組織”很有可能是一個(gè)假組織。我們先來看看下面這個(gè)例子：

　　【例題】

　　Children who are bullied

　　A are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

　　B find it more difficult to relate to adults.

　　C are less likely to be violent in later life.

　　D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

　　【原文】

　　Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

　　【分析】

　　該段大意：

　　兒童之間的欺負(fù)可以讓孩子感覺不開心和壓抑，在極端情況下甚至?xí)寖和詺?，但是幸好很少。被欺?fù)的孩子可能會(huì)在作為成人時(shí)經(jīng)歷人際交往的困難，與之形成對(duì)比的是，持續(xù)欺負(fù)別人的孩子長大后會(huì)變得身體上很暴力，且會(huì)犯罪。

　　定位的時(shí)候，當(dāng)看到pupils就應(yīng)當(dāng)想到題干中的“children”，victimized可以跟題干的“who are bullied”對(duì)應(yīng)上，所以此時(shí)題干中的信息在原文中找到了對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，精讀本句即可。注意，as這個(gè)單詞單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，后接名詞表示“作為”理解，所以“作為成年人”即“長大以后”。

　　帶著我們對(duì)原文的理解看選項(xiàng)：

　　A選項(xiàng)：原文說“thankfully rare”，那么就不可能是普通人的兩倍。與原文矛盾。

　　B選項(xiàng)：這個(gè)選項(xiàng)極有干擾性，因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)了三個(gè)與原文一樣的單詞，但是不要僅僅關(guān)注重現(xiàn)的單詞，還要看到考官悄然改變的詞，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了relate to sb.這個(gè)用法，意思是“與某人打交道”，而原文中說“作為成年人難于形成與別人的人際關(guān)系”，并不是選項(xiàng)中“與成年人打交道困難”。該選項(xiàng)所述內(nèi)容在原文沒出現(xiàn)。

　　C選項(xiàng)：這個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷的選項(xiàng)，會(huì)困擾一部分同學(xué)。原文只是說了“欺負(fù)別人的孩子長大后會(huì)暴力”，那么被欺負(fù)的孩子因此就變得沒有那么暴力嗎?原文沒有提及。

　　D選項(xiàng)：正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的relationship即是interpersonal relationships，in later life即是as adults。

　　【小結(jié)】

　　同學(xué)們往往會(huì)被原詞重現(xiàn)所吸引，而沒有注意到?jīng)]有重現(xiàn)的詞，即考官對(duì)原文的變動(dòng)，比如更換介詞、添加的新詞等。

　　【練習(xí)】

　　In the first paragraph, the writer makes a point that

　　A. The director should plan the sound track at an early stage in filming

　　B. It would be wrong to overlook the contribution of sound to the artistry of films

　　C. The music industry can have a beneficial influence on sound in film

　　D. It is important for those working on the sound in a film to have sole responsibility for it

　　Though we might think of film as an essentially visual experience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much the responsibility of the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. They include dialogue, synchronous and asynchronous sound effects, and music.

　　2.謹(jǐn)防過度推斷。

　　在做判斷題的時(shí)候，很多同學(xué)都會(huì)依據(jù)自己的理解得出一個(gè)推斷出的結(jié)論，這種思路就是過度推斷。但是同學(xué)們需要注意的是，雅思閱讀是evidenced-based test，做題講求的是證據(jù)，不能講情感(實(shí)際上，這也是中英文的區(qū)別，中文講究“情感、直覺”，英文講究“證據(jù)”)

　　【例題】

　　The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point about

　　A recognising talent.

　　B working as a team.

　　C having a shared objective.

　　D being an effective leader.

　　【原文】

　　One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasises Ciaidini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison’ a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionise popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.

　　【分析】

　　原文大意：

　　太陽工作室原本可以有一個(gè)“五重唱”的組合，但是最后只有四重唱。原因是太陽工作室的老板想要革新音樂，在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上融合黑人音樂、鄉(xiāng)村音樂、布魯士等等。工作室的四位歌手Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis本能地理解老板的野心，但是Orbison不以為然，所以最后在工作室發(fā)表了一張唱片就走了。

　　題目問的是‘million-dollar quartet’強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者什么觀點(diǎn)，在原文中我們看到整個(gè)段落講述了這個(gè)故事，當(dāng)同學(xué)們讀完了原文后，很容易理解為“他們本應(yīng)是一個(gè)很好的團(tuán)隊(duì)，但是一個(gè)人不合，所以團(tuán)隊(duì)最終沒有想象的好”，以至于最終答案選擇為B。

　　然而，我們講過，雅思閱讀的選擇題的正確選項(xiàng)是“一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑”，即內(nèi)容要有具化的表現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)B中所提到的“working as a team”在原文中并沒有提及任何的字眼，哪怕原文有working group, spirit of teamwork這樣的字眼也行，但是都沒有，屬于NOT GIVEN的選項(xiàng)。同學(xué)們會(huì)選這個(gè)選項(xiàng)，完全是自己憑著對(duì)語言文字的理解，推理出的一個(gè)結(jié)論，這就是我所謂的“直覺”，即過度推論。

　　【注意】

　　再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，選擇題的正確答案的單詞或者表達(dá)在原文中一定要有體現(xiàn)，如同義詞替換或者換說法的替換，總之要有體現(xiàn)。例如這道題的正確答案C: having a shared objective，原文中“wanted to …”，“ambition”，“goal”都是objective的替換。再進(jìn)而去理解含義，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)講的整體意思與原文是接近的，即可認(rèn)為C選項(xiàng)是答案。