什么叫做語(yǔ)言的駕馭能力?從單詞的角度來(lái)說(shuō)就是,如果給了你一個(gè)陌生的單詞,你是不認(rèn)識(shí)的;但是給了你一個(gè)包含了這個(gè)單詞的句子,你能夠用前后文進(jìn)行推斷,最后大致能夠明白這個(gè)句子的意思以及這個(gè)單詞在這個(gè)語(yǔ)境下的含義,那么你的語(yǔ)言駕馭能力就是比較強(qiáng)的。那么,之前給大家講解了如何利用一些小技巧來(lái)猜單詞,其中包括用詞根詞綴來(lái)猜單詞、用并列關(guān)系來(lái)猜單詞、用同位語(yǔ)來(lái)猜單詞。今天我們來(lái)看看另外兩種極好的幫助判斷單詞的方法!
4. 利用舉例
閱讀中常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)舉例的詞很簡(jiǎn)單,就是for example, such as, illustration這樣的詞。大家都知道“舉例詞”后面的詞是對(duì)前面的詞的舉例說(shuō)明,但是大家能不能想到這樣可以利用這種舉例關(guān)系來(lái)猜單詞呢?我們來(lái)看下面的例子:
【例句】
Modern teaching practices, the organizations of desks in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such as air-conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teacher’s voice.
【分析】
這是C9T2R1的一個(gè)句子。我們?cè)谶@個(gè)句子中看到了such as引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)例子,是對(duì)前面mechanical means of ventilation的舉例解釋。很多同學(xué)是不認(rèn)識(shí)ventilation的,但是我們一般都認(rèn)識(shí)air-conditioning,通過(guò)such as我們可以知道air-conditioning是ventilation的一個(gè)例子,那么ventilation肯定是跟“空調(diào)”有關(guān)的詞,比如可能是“通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)”之類的含義。
5. 利用因果關(guān)系
因果關(guān)系也可以用于猜單詞,大家要有意識(shí)地利用起來(lái),尤其是在一些包含生詞的因果關(guān)系句子中,我們可以利用“因”和“果”互相解釋這一特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行生詞的推斷。我們來(lái)看下面這兩個(gè)例題:
【例題1】(第5題)
Classify the following as typical of
A both Chinese and Japanese pagodas
B only Chinese pagodas
C only Japanese pagodas
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.
5 easy interior access to top
6 tiles on eaves
7 use as observation post
8 size of eaves up to half the width of the building
9 original religious purpose
10 floors fitting loosely over each other
【原文】
The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers.When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions - they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object.
【分析】
這是出自C7T2R1的一個(gè)句子。本句話中,很多同學(xué)是不認(rèn)識(shí)dispense with這個(gè)詞組的,但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)后面有一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋,我們可以利用這個(gè)原因來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷:樓梯是被dispensed with了,因?yàn)槿毡緦毸菦](méi)有實(shí)際用途的而是變成了一個(gè)藝術(shù)品。結(jié)合前面的一個(gè)句子:中國(guó)寶塔有內(nèi)部樓梯。因此可以推測(cè)日本的樓梯是被去除了,所以be dispensed with的意思是“被去除”
【例題2】
Classify the following statements as referring to
A hand collecting
B using bait
C sampling ground litter
D using a pitfall trap
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet.
31 It is preferable to take specimens from groups of ants.
32 It is particularly effective for wet habitats.
33 It is a good method for species which are hard to find.
34 Little time and effort is required.
35 Separate containers are used for individual specimens.
36 Non-alcoholic preservative should be used.
【原文】
The pitfall trap is another commonly used tool for collecting ants.…The preservative used is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as alcohol will evaporate quickly and the traps will dry out. One advantage of pitfall traps is that they can be used to collect over a period of time with minimal maintenance and intervention. One disadvantage is that some species are not collected as they either avoid the traps or do not commonly encounter them while foraging.
【分析】
原文中,我們會(huì)看到ethylene glycol or propylene glycol,我相信一般同學(xué)是不認(rèn)識(shí)的,當(dāng)然我也不認(rèn)識(shí),但!這不重要!因?yàn)槲覀儾挥谜J(rèn)識(shí)也能做題,我們可以猜詞啊!來(lái),我們看到后面有一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,就對(duì)前面這個(gè)分句進(jìn)行了解釋:這里使用到的防腐劑(preservative)是ethylene glycol 或者是 propylene glycol,因?yàn)榫凭珪?huì)蒸發(fā)并且陷阱會(huì)很快干枯。因此,可以推斷出ethylene glycol 和 propylene glycol都是非酒精(non-alcoholic),因此36題答案選D。
以上是我們今天的內(nèi)容——利用舉例來(lái)猜單詞和利用因果關(guān)系來(lái)猜單詞。關(guān)于單詞,這里我必須強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):
1
我們確實(shí)有很多技巧來(lái)幫助我們理解單詞在某一個(gè)語(yǔ)境下的意思,但是每一種技巧都不是萬(wàn)能的,因此大家要靈活運(yùn)用所有的技巧,這樣在面對(duì)陌生語(yǔ)境的時(shí)候才能靈活自如的理解,哪怕你并沒(méi)有那么多的單詞量。
2
單詞是必須必須要背的!沒(méi)有強(qiáng)大的單詞作為基礎(chǔ),給你講再多的技巧也無(wú)濟(jì)于事!
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