在雅思閱讀題型中,摘要題(Summary)是運(yùn)用語意推斷的重點(diǎn)題型之一。在解題時(shí),我們需要根據(jù)空格所在句及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系詞,分析詞語之間、句子之間的語意關(guān)系,推斷出所缺單詞的大致含義。
在摘要題中,有一個(gè)非常重要的規(guī)律是:題干中的句子、之間的邏輯關(guān)系在原文中一般不變(表現(xiàn)方式通常會(huì)變),也就是說,題干中如果存在因果關(guān)系,那么原文所在句也一定會(huì)因果關(guān)系重現(xiàn)。因此,邏輯關(guān)系詞可以有效地協(xié)助題干關(guān)鍵詞在原文中定位答案。
下面舉幾個(gè)劍橋雅思中的例子說明邏輯關(guān)系詞的重要作用。
1.并列關(guān)系 如劍5T2P3
題干:
In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither thetechnical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文:First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lackedthe grammatical resources required to represent the world …
題干中出現(xiàn)的neither…nor…表示“既不…也不…”,是連接兩個(gè)否定概念的并列邏輯關(guān)系詞。原文中的first, it lacked …,second it lacked …表示了同樣的邏輯關(guān)系,盡管表現(xiàn)方式有所變化。解題時(shí),這種對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系可以使我們?cè)谠闹锌焖俣ㄎ淮鸢浮?/p>
2. 轉(zhuǎn)折和因果關(guān)系 劍5T2P3
題干:
Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文:
In the following century much of this momentum was lost as Germanestablished itself as the leading European language of science. … However, inthe 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth asthe industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
題干中出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的although, 對(duì)應(yīng)于原文中的however;同時(shí),題干還出現(xiàn)了表示因果關(guān)系的as adirect result of, 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中表因果的邏輯關(guān)系詞as。
3. 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 劍5T3P2
題干:
To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in theshort term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination inthe longer term.
原文:
In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be tomake artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way thatnatural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, thatin the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be usedto increase the amount of water available.
in the short term … in the longer term…是題干中出現(xiàn)的表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的邏輯關(guān)系詞。通過快速查讀原文,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)相同的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)in the immediate future … in the long term …。
在雅思備考過程中,精讀是行之有效的一種訓(xùn)練方法。通過精讀,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞常常是考點(diǎn)所在。
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