雅思閱讀背景知識(shí)之筆譯和口譯

雅思閱讀背景知識(shí)之筆譯和口譯為大家?guī)?lái)雅思閱讀中曾經(jīng)考過(guò)的筆譯和口譯這一篇題目的背景知識(shí)，很多人都覺(jué)得他們都是翻譯嘛，不就是一個(gè)是用筆，一個(gè)是用嘴嘛。其實(shí)，在語(yǔ)言學(xué)界，這二者背后是有很多詳細(xì)的規(guī)定和區(qū)別的。下面就讓我們一起來(lái)看看。

Interpretation and Interpreter

口譯和口譯員

A. Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.

雖然口譯和翻譯這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)經(jīng)?？梢曰Q使用，但嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，口譯是指口語(yǔ)，翻譯是指書面語(yǔ)言。

B. A competent translator should be very acquainted with the following points: A detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases (technical manuals for example) it plays a greater role. An ability to write well is also important. Proofreading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on; Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important; Practice the language! Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is appropriate. Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country ff able to. Travel to the country as often as you are able to; No course of study will ever be 100% perfect. Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs; Those basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is one's experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts; There are more opportunities for freelance translators than In-House; Attend local translation events and seminars. It will not only help one learn more about different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.

一個(gè)稱職的翻譯應(yīng)該非常熟悉以下幾點(diǎn):一個(gè)主題的詳細(xì)知識(shí)是同等重要的學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)的語(yǔ)言對(duì)，在某些情況下(如技術(shù)手冊(cè))它發(fā)揮了更大的作用。良好的寫作能力也很重要。校對(duì)和編輯是進(jìn)入這個(gè)行業(yè)的一個(gè)好方法，所獲得的技能將幫助你以后;雖然學(xué)位并非絕對(duì)必要，但翻譯資格是重要的;練習(xí)語(yǔ)言!參加一門語(yǔ)言課程，或者努力獲得一個(gè)學(xué)位，或者做任何你認(rèn)為合適的事情。讀那種語(yǔ)言的報(bào)紙，了解那種文化，聽(tīng)來(lái)自那個(gè)國(guó)家的音樂(lè)和新聞。盡可能多地去鄉(xiāng)下旅行;沒(méi)有一門課程是百分百完美的。只有你才能判斷它是否適合你;這些基本素質(zhì)將有助于一個(gè)人的起步，但在此之后，重要的是一個(gè)人的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和作為一名翻譯的表現(xiàn);自由譯者的機(jī)會(huì)比在公司內(nèi)部要多;參加當(dāng)?shù)氐姆g活動(dòng)和研討會(huì)。它不僅可以幫助人們更多地了解不同的主題，還可以幫助人們?cè)诜g和口譯領(lǐng)域建立聯(lián)系。

C. interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation. The former refers to the circumstance where the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting (so only one person is speaking at a time). It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation. Simultaneous interpretation is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony -- unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose -- because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.

口譯一般分為交替?zhèn)髯g和同聲傳譯。前者指的是口譯員等到完整的陳述陳述完畢后才開(kāi)始口譯的情況(一次只有一個(gè)人在發(fā)言)。它主要用于解釋證人的證詞，在這種情況下，法庭上的每個(gè)人都需要聽(tīng)解釋。同聲傳譯通常被認(rèn)為不適合于證人作證——除非法庭為此配備了無(wú)線設(shè)備——因?yàn)橥瑫r(shí)聽(tīng)到兩個(gè)聲音太讓人分心。

D. A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding ( e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial) for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.

法庭口譯員是在民事或刑事法庭程序(如提審、動(dòng)議、審前會(huì)議、預(yù)審、作證、審判)中為英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得或聽(tīng)不懂英語(yǔ)的證人或被告進(jìn)行口譯的人。

E. Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as persons with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker. For the other languages, the following self-study techniques are suggested: (1) expand your vocabulary, (2) develop your own glossaries, and (3) develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.

法庭口譯員必須在不改變講話者語(yǔ)言記錄的情況下，準(zhǔn)確地為受教育程度高、詞匯量大的人以及語(yǔ)言技能非常有限的人口譯。對(duì)于其他語(yǔ)言，建議采用下列自學(xué)技巧:(1)擴(kuò)大詞匯量;(2)發(fā)展自己的詞匯量;(3)發(fā)展口譯技巧，即:交替?zhèn)髯g、同聲傳譯和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)翻譯。

以上就是雅思閱讀背景知識(shí)之筆譯和口譯的全部?jī)?nèi)容，我們可以看出兩者的區(qū)別和他們各自的細(xì)分領(lǐng)域。雅思閱讀中像口譯和筆譯這樣的近義詞的考察，若是事先掌握了背景知識(shí)，就會(huì)有助于我們對(duì)文章的理解。