雅思閱讀背景知識(shí)之劍橋大學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介

雅思閱讀背景知識(shí)之劍橋大學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介為大家?guī)?a href="http://m.42bites.com/ielts/" target="_blank" class="keylink">雅思閱讀中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)于劍橋大學(xué)的介紹，它從大學(xué)章程、大學(xué)運(yùn)營(yíng)系統(tǒng)等方面對(duì)劍橋大學(xué)進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的介紹。下面就讓我們一起來看看。

This Guide deals only with the principal officials, institutions and procedures of the University as distinct from the Colleges.

本指南只涉及大學(xué)的主要官員、機(jī)構(gòu)和程序，與學(xué)院不同。

The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world, and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. It has a world-wide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide range of science and arts subjects. The University pioneers work in the understanding of disease, the creation of new materials, advances in telecommunications and research into the origins of the universe. It trains doctors, vets, architects, engineers and teachers. At all levels about half of the students at Cambridge study arts and humanities subjects, many of whom have gone on to become prominent figures in the arts, print and broadcast media. The University's achievements in the sciences can be measured by the sixty or more Nobel Prizes awarded to its members over the years.

劍橋大學(xué)是世界上最古老的大學(xué)之一，也是英國(guó)最大的大學(xué)之一。它以卓越的學(xué)術(shù)成就和在廣泛的科學(xué)和藝術(shù)學(xué)科中進(jìn)行的高質(zhì)量的研究而享譽(yù)世界。這所大學(xué)的先驅(qū)者致力于疾病的理解、新材料的創(chuàng)造、通訊技術(shù)的進(jìn)步以及宇宙起源的研究。它培訓(xùn)醫(yī)生、獸醫(yī)、建筑師、工程師和教師。在各個(gè)層次上，劍橋大學(xué)大約有一半的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)和人文學(xué)科，其中許多人后來成為藝術(shù)、印刷和廣播媒體的杰出人物。這所大學(xué)在科學(xué)方面的成就可以用多年來授予其成員的60多個(gè)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)來衡量。

Constitution of the University

The University is a self-governing body: the legislative authority is the Regent House, which consists of the three thousand or so members of the teaching and administrative staff of the University and Colleges who have the MA (or MA status) or a higher degree. The principal administrative body of the University is the Council, which consists mainly of members of the academic staff elected by the Regent House. The General Board of the Faculties co-ordinates the educational policy of the University and the Finance Committee of the Council supervises its financial affairs.

大學(xué)章程

大學(xué)是一個(gè)自治機(jī)構(gòu):立法權(quán)屬于攝政院，由大學(xué)及書院約三千名持有文學(xué)碩士(或文學(xué)碩士)或以上學(xué)位的教職員及行政人員組成。大學(xué)的主要行政機(jī)構(gòu)是校董會(huì)，校董會(huì)主要由攝政府選出的教職員組成。學(xué)院董事會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)大學(xué)的教育政策，而校董會(huì)財(cái)務(wù)委員會(huì)則負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督大學(xué)的財(cái)務(wù)事務(wù)。

The University of Cambridge is a loose confederation of faculties, Colleges, and other bodies. The University works with a relatively small central administration, and with central governing and supervisory bodies consisting of, and mainly elected by, the current academic personnel of the Faculties and Colleges. An unusually large part of Cambridge's day-to-day administration is carried out by teaching staff on behalf of their colleagues, and the University's legislative structure is in practice unusually open to consultation and participation. The procedural rules are embodied in the University's Ordinances, which prescribe in some detail the formal administrative practices. These rules are made in most cases by the University itself, within a framework set by the Statutes, which can only be changed with the approval of The Queen in Council. The University's volume of Statutes and Ordinances, published triennially with annual supplements, is readily available throughout the University, and contains the basis of its constitution, procedures and practice. Full details of the membership of all the academic and administrative bodies described in this booklet are given in a special October issue of the University's weekly official journal Cambridge University Reporter, with subsequent changes noted in ordinary issues

劍橋大學(xué)是一個(gè)由學(xué)院、學(xué)院和其他機(jī)構(gòu)組成的松散聯(lián)盟。大學(xué)的中央行政機(jī)構(gòu)相對(duì)較小，中央管理和監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)主要由各學(xué)院的現(xiàn)任學(xué)術(shù)人員組成，并由他們選舉產(chǎn)生。劍橋大學(xué)的日常管理工作中有很大一部分是由教師代表他們的同事來進(jìn)行的，而實(shí)際上，劍橋大學(xué)的立法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)咨詢和參與非常開放。程序規(guī)則載于大學(xué)的條例內(nèi)，這些條例較為詳細(xì)地規(guī)定了正式的行政慣例。在大多數(shù)情況下，這些規(guī)則是由大學(xué)自己制定的，其框架是由法規(guī)規(guī)定的，只有在女王參議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)后才能更改。大學(xué)的章程和條例集每三年出版一次，每年增刊一次，在大學(xué)各處隨時(shí)可得，其中載有大學(xué)章程、程序和慣例的基礎(chǔ)。在這本小冊(cè)子中描述的所有學(xué)術(shù)和行政機(jī)構(gòu)的成員的全部細(xì)節(jié)將在劍橋大學(xué)的官方周刊《劍橋大學(xué)記者》10月號(hào)的特刊中給出，隨后在普通期刊中也注意到了一些變化。

To understand how the 'Cambridge' structure operates, it helps to keep the historical origins in mind. The University was established in about 1209 to examine and to confer Degrees. The first Colleges, each autonomous and independent with its own Governing Body and Charter, were established later, from 1284, principally to teach and house students at all levels. Today, the Colleges are mainly concerned with the teaching of their undergraduates and the academic support of both graduate and undergraduate students, and of scholars and research workers of outstanding merit. In this century the role of the University has hugely expanded through the provision of facilities, such as teaching and research laboratories, which it is practically possible only to provide centrally. The University employs Professors, Readers, Lecturers and other teaching and administrative staff who provide the formal teaching (lectures, seminars and practical classes). The Colleges supplement their teaching with supervisions, given by Fellows or others appointed by the College, and each College also provides library and other learning resources exclusively for its own members.

要理解“劍橋”的結(jié)構(gòu)是如何運(yùn)作的，就必須牢記它的歷史淵源。這所大學(xué)始建于1209年，主要從事學(xué)位考試和授予工作。從1284年開始，第一批獨(dú)立自主的學(xué)院建立了，每個(gè)學(xué)院都有自己的管理機(jī)構(gòu)和章程。今天，學(xué)院主要關(guān)心本科生的教學(xué)，關(guān)心研究生和本科生、優(yōu)秀學(xué)者和研究工作者的學(xué)術(shù)支持。在本世紀(jì)，大學(xué)的作用通過提供諸如教學(xué)和研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室等設(shè)施而大大擴(kuò)大，而實(shí)際上只有集中提供這些設(shè)施才是可能的。學(xué)校聘請(qǐng)教授、讀者、講師等教職工和行政管理人員進(jìn)行正式教學(xué)(講座、研討會(huì)、實(shí)踐課)。學(xué)院以導(dǎo)師或?qū)W院指定的其他人的監(jiān)督作為教學(xué)的補(bǔ)充，每所學(xué)院還專門為自己的成員提供圖書館和其他學(xué)習(xí)資源。

The University retains sole responsibility for examinations and for conferring Degrees. The Colleges, on the other hand, have responsibility for selecting, admitting and accommodating all undergraduate students, and a student cannot enter the University unless he or she also becomes a member of a College. However, the University lays down the admission qualifications for undergraduate students, and also has certain controls over the statutes of the individual colleges.

大學(xué)只負(fù)責(zé)考試和授予學(xué)位。另一方面，學(xué)院有責(zé)任選擇、錄取和容納所有的本科生，學(xué)生不能進(jìn)入大學(xué)，除非他或她也成為學(xué)院的一員。然而，大學(xué)規(guī)定了本科生的入學(xué)條件，并且對(duì)各個(gè)學(xué)院的章程也有一定的控制。

以上就是雅思閱讀背景知識(shí)之劍橋大學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介的全部?jī)?nèi)容，可以看出劍橋大學(xué)歷史悠久，根據(jù)它的運(yùn)營(yíng)模式我們可以了解一些英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家的教育制度，方便雅思閱讀的理解。