說到雅思寫作,很多考生會不約而同地想到詞匯和語法。的確,在寫作的四項評分標準中,這兩項指標占據(jù)了半壁江山。對于前者,考生們往往不敢怠慢,備考過程中的很大一部分時間和精力都是花在詞匯積累上的,而對于后者,卻因為單調(diào)、枯燥而常常被有意無意地忽視。實際上,“磨刀不誤砍柴工”,只有把“語法”這把刀磨得亮亮的,才有可能連詞成句,連句成段,又快又好地完成雅思寫作任務(wù)。
然而在平時的教學過程中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),語法問題成為了不少考生提高雅思寫作成績的絆腳石,甚至一些英語水平相對不錯的考生或是為了追求句子的復雜性或是由于粗心大意也會出現(xiàn)類似的問題,因此我們整理了雅思寫作中常見的語法問題,以期提醒廣大考生注意。鑒于篇幅關(guān)系,對于時態(tài)混亂、主謂不一致、及物不及物誤用、可數(shù)不可數(shù)單復數(shù)錯誤等問題,這里就不一一贅述了,本文將主要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)層面展開探討。
1、 串句
串句是不用連詞或標點而把兩個(或以上)獨立的句子串在一起的錯誤表達。有些串句是不用任何標點間隔兩個甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在該用句號時濫用逗號,忽略了逗號本身沒有連接句子功能的原則。
No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it。
There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes, one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study。
修改和避免串句錯誤的常見方法:
?、儆镁涮柊言浞殖蓛蓚€獨立的句子;
?、谟眠B詞連接兩個句子;
?、塾梅痔栠B接兩個句子。
如:
No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, so the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it。
There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes; one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study。
2、 破句
破句是把不完整的句子當作獨立的句子來寫時發(fā)生的錯誤。
以下是常見的幾個破句的例子:
Students should be encouraged to take part-time job. Because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole。
點評:從屬連詞引起的破句。常見的從屬連詞有after,unless, even if, even though ,since , before , when (whenever),because, if, who(whoever),while, as (as if ), which(whichever), although , so that, where(wherever), until, that等。像because這樣的從屬連詞開頭的從句是不能單獨存在的,它依賴于另一個句子方能使意義完整,也就是說單獨的從句本身就是破句。