時代經典用詞科技篇 電腦
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anonymous remailer
匿名轉信站
Known technically as an anonymous remailer,it is the network equivalent of a Swiss bank:a conduit by which users can ship data around the world in complete anonymity.
這個在電腦術語上稱為匿名轉信站的設施，其實就相當于網絡上的瑞士銀行：它提供了一個渠道，讓使用者可以在完全匿名的情況下在全球各地傳送資料。
The need for anonymous remailers stems from the design of the Internet,which tags every packet of data with an electronic address so it can be returned or resent if something goes wrong in transit.
匿名轉信站之所以出現(xiàn)，歸因于國際互聯(lián)網絡的設計——網絡上每筆資料都會附上電子郵件地址，以備傳送有誤時可退回或重寄。
Atlas
圖集導覽器
Atals may be gigantic(it's quarter of the size of Windows 95),but it has been engineered to run faster.
圖集可能是個龐大的程式（大約是Windows 95的1/4）但是它經過巧妙的設計使執(zhí)行速度更快。
Test drives last week were speedy but also very crash prone-par for most alpha tests.
上周公布的測試版速度很快，但是也很容易造成鎖機——算是達到了大部分測試版程序的水準。
Netscape escalated the battle with Microsoft for the soul of the Internet last week by quietly offering Web surfers a preview of a superbrowser,code-named Atlas.
上星期網際公司悄悄公開了其代號為圖集的超級導覽器，讓全球信息網的網絡客得以搶先一睹，此舉升高了其與微軟公司為爭奪國際互聯(lián)網主導權的競爭
BBS
電子布告欄
The casual visitor to the newsgroups on the Usenet(a bulletin-board system that began as a competitor to the Internet but has been largely subsumed by it)will discover discussion groups.
偶爾進入網絡新聞(這是一個電子布告欄，剛開始時是要與國際互聯(lián)網相抗衡的，但現(xiàn)在幾乎都被子國際互聯(lián)網收編了）信息的用戶可以找到一些討論范圍。
Bored with channel surfing and unable yet to return to running,I borrowed a PC from the office,hooked up a modem and began to check out the local computer bulletin board(BBS)scene.
猛按選臺器，游走于各電視頻道上，覺得索然無味，而身體又未康復到可以出去跑跑，于是我從公司借了一臺個人電腦，連上數據機，開始在本地的電子布告欄上查閱。
cybersalon
網絡咖啡廳
Cybersalons bridge the gap between computer literates and illiterates,explains Andre Couchard,co-founder of the nonprofit organization that runs Cyber B@r de I'Amour Fou in Brussels.
布魯塞爾一家非營利機構在經營“愛的傻瓜網絡酒吧”。創(chuàng)始人之一的高查德說，網絡咖啡廳提供了電腦專家和電腦文盲一個溝通的渠道。
cyberspace
網絡世界
Such assaults are most likely to injure the large service providers,sober institutions more culrturally attuned to their governmental attackers than the info-guerrillas of cyberspace.
這些攻擊手段最可能打擊到的是那些大型的服務供應者，他們都是比較聽從政府指示的正派機構。網絡世界里打游擊獵取信息的小型業(yè)者比較不受影響。
As Valentine's Day rolls around this week,love is booming in yet another and far less likely spot:cyberspace.
本周，又到了一年一度的情人節(jié)，而愛情卻在另一個幾乎不可能發(fā)生的地方綻放開來，那就是：網絡世界。
DRAM
動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器
The companies will create a joint verture that will manufacture and sell dynamis random-access memory chips using IBM technology.
這些電腦公司將要合資設立一家公司，利用IBM的技術，來制造及販賣動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器晶片。
expert system
專家系統(tǒng)
A product of research into artificial intelligence,expert systems solve complex problems somewhat like human experts do-by applying rules of thumb.
專家系統(tǒng)是人工智慧研究方面的產品，可以用類似人類專家的方法解決一些復雜的問題——就是利用經驗法則。
fuzzy logic
模糊邏輯
Fuzzy logic began to find applications in industry in the early'70s,when it was teamed with another form of advanced computer science called the expert system.
1970年代初期，模糊邏輯與另外一種稱為專家系統(tǒng)的先進電腦科學結合之后，開始應用于工業(yè)上
Suddenly the term fuzzy and products based on principles of fuzzy logic seem to be everywhere in Japan:in television documentaries,in corporate magazine ads and in novel electronic gadgets ranging from computer-controlled air conditioners to golf-swing analyzers.突然間，“模糊”這個名詞和以模糊邏輯為基本原則發(fā)展出來的產品，似乎充斥日本每個角落：電視記錄片、雜志的公司廣告、以及從電腦控制冷氣機到高爾夫球揮桿分析儀等新奇精巧的電器，都可見到它的蹤影。
galinium arsenide
砷化鎵
GA is more efficient than silicon in these products because it absorbs less energy;devices made with GA boards suck up less wattage,important for battery power.
用在這些產品中，因為砷化鎵吸收的能量比硅來得少，使得砷化鎵的效率較佳；用砷化鎵板作成的設備消耗的能量較少，這一點對于以電池為能量來源的設備來說相當重要。
geek
駭客，病毒
Glaser's system is not just for geeks;some big-name radio broadcasters have licensed Real Audio tehnology.
葛雷塞的系統(tǒng)不只是針對電腦玩家；有些著名的廣播電臺也向他申請使用這套“及時廣播”技術的授權。
"The geeks are buzzed,"says Dave Winer,a programmer based in California's Silicon Valley and self-described geek."It's like a whole world just opened up to us."
“電腦玩家都醒來了。”大衛(wèi)•溫拿說道，他是美國加州硅谷一名自稱為電腦玩家的程序設計師，“這就像是整個世界在我們眼前敞開一樣。”
Rosenfeld,and their ilk do not fit the standard image of a hacker:the wealthy,suburban geek who trespasses on computers just for fun.
羅森費爾德和他的同黨看起來與一般的駭客形象不合，一般的駭客都是有錢，住在郊區(qū)的電腦玩家，侵入他人電腦只是為了好玩。
hacker
電腦竊賊
Federal authorities have warned that hackers can penetrate the Interent's sophisticated security barriers to steal information from companies and universities.
聯(lián)邦官員警告說，電腦竊賊能夠突破國際互聯(lián)網復雜的安全管制系統(tǒng)，侵入公司及大學竊取資料。
He adheres to a self-styled"hacker ethic,"which justified any computer intrusion as long as the motive is pure.
他堅守自稱的“電腦竊賊倫理”，認為只要是動機純正，任何入侵電腦的行為都是正常的。
By the time he was captured last week in an apartment house in North Carolina,where authorities claim he had as much as $1 million worth of stolen data stashed away,he was s most wanted hacker.
在上星期他于北卡羅來納州一棟公寓中被捕之前，他是全球首要的電腦竊賊通緝犯。當局宣稱他于公寓中藏放了價值高達100萬美金的資料贓物。
HTML
超文字編撰語言
So one clear October morning,I presented myself to the supply clerk at the Time Warner company store,filled out a few requisition forms and loaded up my mule:
所以，在10月一個晴朗早晨，我到時代華納公司的庫存?zhèn)}庫找配貨員，在填了幾張請料單之后，就領到了我要的東西：
a desktop computer,a modem,an HTML for Dummies manual,a mouse,jauntily colored pads for it and the wrists...And rode out to grubstake my future.
一部桌上型電腦、一部數據機、一本“小叮當學超文字編撰語言”手冊、一只鼠標、色彩時髦的鼠墊與腕墊……。就這樣，我開始創(chuàng)業(yè)了。
"Nine months ago,if you could program HTML,you had the hottest ticket in Silicon Valley,"says Paul Saffo."Today it'll get a yawn."
“9個月前，如果你懂得設計超文字編撰語言，你就擁有整個硅谷最搶手的貨，可以無往不利，”保羅•薩弗歐說，“今天的話就沒人會理你了。”
HTTP
超文字傳輸通訊協(xié)定
I even had a cute name for what I hoped would become the daily dispatch from the front lines of the Internet:the Netly News.
對于這個理想中會成為網絡上第一線的每日新聞發(fā)送站，我甚至為它取了一個漂亮的名字：“網絡新聞”
Intelink
情報環(huán)
Intelink operates over the Pentagon's Defense Systems Network,which has its own lines or leases special lines from phone companies to send encrypted messages.
情報環(huán)是架構在美國國防部的“國防系統(tǒng)網絡”上運作的，這套網絡系統(tǒng)有專屬的線路或是向電話公司租用專門的線路來傳送編碼過的訊號。
Today Intelink users can punch up on their computers the most recent satellite photos,as well as thousands of pages of classified reports from various intelligence agencies.
如今情報環(huán)的使用者，從自己的電腦上，除了可敲出各情報站數千頁的機密報告，還可以得到最新的衛(wèi)星照片。
Internetphone
國際互聯(lián)網電話
Last week Motorola,the lead manufacturer of high-speed modems,announced it was including with its 28000-bits-per-second Power Class modems a coupon entitling the buyer to a free copy of Internetphone.
高速數據機制造廠商的龍頭老大－摩托羅拉公司上周宣布，將在其傳輸速度達每秒2.8萬單元功率級別的數據機里附上一張贈品券，使用者借此可免費獲得一份“國際互聯(lián)網電話”軟件。
Atlas includes an Internetphone that lets users make calls from their PCs.The technology,which digitizes voices and then sends the resulting bits over the Net,aims to make Atlas more essential than Windows.
圖集導覽器中包括了一個可讓使用者從自己的個人電腦撥電腦出去的國際互聯(lián)網電話。這項技術將聲音數據化然后送上網絡，其目的在使圖集導覽器成為比視窗更不可或缺的基本配備。
ISDN
綜合服務數字網絡
ISDN is the phone industry's grand scheme to be the dominant conduit for every conceivable communications service-from faxes,newspapers and video conferencing to home shopping,radio broadcasts and TV.
綜合服務數字網絡是電話工業(yè)的一項大計劃，為所有想得到的通訊服務提供一條大通道。這些通訊服務從傳真、報紙、視訊會議，一直到家庭購物、廣播、電視無所不包。
[06:14.28]New York City's United Community Organization,an umbrella group of neighborhood settlement houses,in February began installing in its project buildings 200 PCs with ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)connections to the Internet.
紐約市聯(lián)合社區(qū)組織是統(tǒng)籌各鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)服務中心的組織，該組織計劃將200部結合了綜合服務數字網絡的個人電腦與國際互聯(lián)網連網，并于2月開始將電腦安裝在新建的社區(qū)房舍中。
Jave
爪哇程式語言
Although today Jave matters only to programmers,it could in the next few years shift the balance of power in the entire computer industry,changing not only the cost and shape of the machines on our desktops but also our very concept of what a computer should be.
盡管現(xiàn)在“爪哇”只對程式設計師有影響，但在未來的幾年之內，“爪哇”可能會改變整個電腦業(yè)的均勢，不只改變桌型電腦的價格及外形，連什么叫電腦這種基本觀念也會產生變化。
Sun went first,announcing a long list of companies that had agreed to endorse Java,including IBM,Apple,DEC,Adobe,Silicon Graphics,Hewlett Packard,Oracle and Toshiba.
Sun公司首先出擊，宣布一長串已經同意要支援“爪哇”發(fā)展的公司名單，這些公司包括IBM、蘋果電腦、數字設備公司、Adobe、硅谷、惠普、甲骨文及東芝等。
Mitnick affair
米尼克事件
Across the country,computer network security experts,though,were talking a lot last week,calling the entire Mitnick affair a watershed moment-not for what it proves about the hacker but for what it says about the systems he hacked.
全國各地的電腦網絡安全專家上個禮拜對此事件多有議論，把整個米尼克事件稱為一個轉折點－不是因為它讓我們更了解米尼克這名電腦竊賊，而是因為它凸顯出受侵襲的系統(tǒng)的安全問題。
network(ed) computer
網絡電腦
To test his theory,Ellison has commissioned Acorn,a British computer maker,to help design a "networked computer" to his specifications,with a keyboard,a processor,some random-access memory,a communications link and not much else.為了試驗他的想法是否可行，艾立森已經委托英國電腦制造廠商“橡實”公司，根據他所提的規(guī)格，協(xié)助設計一款“網絡電腦”，這型電腦配備了鍵盤、中央處理器、隨機存取存儲器、一個通訊連接設備，此外就沒什么了。
online prank
網絡惡作劇
This is a tale about how an online prank grows into an international incident.
這就是個活生生的例子，說明一個網絡上的惡作劇如何演變成為一樁國際事件。
Personal Digital Assistant
個人計數輔助器
With profit margins steadily shrinking in the personal-computer business,CEO John Sculley has set out to expand Apple's business into advanced consumer electronics like,
由于個人電腦業(yè)的利潤日益降低，總裁約翰•史卡利已著手將蘋果電腦的業(yè)務擴張到先進的消費性電子產品，
CD-ROM players and personal digital assistants,far more powerful versions of the electronic pocket diaries developed by Japan's Casio and Sharp.
如只讀存儲器光盤和個人計數輔助器；這個個人計數輔助器有如日本卡西歐及夏普公司已開發(fā)的電子口袋日記，但功能強大得多。
Called PDAs(personal digital assistants),these wireless,hand-held PCs function as everything from a checkbook organizer to a fax machine.
這種稱為個人計數輔助器的無線掌型個人電腦，具有各種功能，從支票簿管理到傳真機無所不包。
In many cases,the pen-based devices can even make and take cellular telephone calls.
在許多情況下，這些以手寫輸入為主的設備甚至還可以當成行動電腦，收發(fā)均可。
SATAN
網絡安全管理工具
Last Wedensday,on the day that Farmer turned 33,he gave a gift to the computer world:a fiendish little software device called SATAN.
上周三，就在法爾莫33歲生日當天，他送給電腦世界一份小禮物：一個如惡魔般的小程序，名字就叫網絡安全管理工具。
Within minutes of its release,traffic started to pile up on the dozen or so computers around the world that Farmer had authorized as SATAN release sites.
上了國際互聯(lián)網才幾分鐘，獲法爾莫授權為網絡安全管理工具發(fā)行站的全球約12部電腦，就涌上了許多爭取者。
World Wide Web
全球信息網
Hundreds of little Java applications(dubbed"applets")have started to pop up on the World Wide Web,the multimedia portion of the Internet.
在國際互聯(lián)網當中屬于多媒體部分的全球信息網上，已經開始出現(xiàn)了數以百計用“爪哇”編寫的小應用程序。
But with a lot of persistence and a little intuition,days of pavement pounding can be reduced to hours or minutes browsing the World Wide Web.
但只要你肯堅持，再加上一點點的直覺，幾小時甚至幾分鐘，就能夠在全球信息網上找到原先需要在外奔走多日才能得到的資料。
Welcome,Cybernauts!
網絡游俠大集合！
1.Ever since they were first staged in 19th century Europe,world's fairs have enabled people from around the globe to visit wondrous pavilions where they can discover distant lands and new technologies.
自從19世紀歐洲首席舉行世界博覽會以來，全球各地已經有許多人借此參觀神奇的攤位，發(fā)現(xiàn)遙遠的國度與新奇的科技。
The 1996 world's fair is no exception,but it also has a decidedly eve-of-the-21st-century twist:the whole event happens in cyberspace.
1996年世界博覽會也不例外，但是它加上了一個很有21世紀預感的變奏：整個博覽會在網絡世界進行。
2.A nonprofit project dreamed up by Americans Carl Malamud,a computer consultant,and Vinton Cerf,an Internet pioneer and telecommunications-company vice president,
卡爾•馬拉木德是電腦顧問，文通•瑟夫是國際互聯(lián)網拓荒者，也是電傳通訊公司副總裁，這兩位美國人構想出這個非營利的計劃。
the Internet 1996 World Exposition is a digital work in progress,a multichambered forum that cybernauts can help build and renovate throughout the year-and perhaps long after the fair's official close in December.
國際互聯(lián)網1996世界博覽會是一項進行中的數位作業(yè)，有許多展示間的公共討論會場，網絡游俠有一整年的時間可以參與建造與更新，甚至可能會延續(xù)到12月正式結束之后很久。
3.While high-tech pavilions set up by sponsoring corporations are featured prominently,as in real fairs,this virtual exposition is closer in spirit and reality to a vast,bustling bazaar,a marketplace for the talents and offerings of thousands of individuals and small groups.
贊助廠商設的高科技攤位固然像在真的博覽會中一樣占了顯著的地位，可是這場虛擬博覽會的氣氛與實務更接近一個龐大、熱鬧的商場，展售數以千計個人與小團體的才能與商品。
Anyone with a computer and a moderm can not only "attend" but also participate as an exhibitor by creating an individual multimedia Website.
只要有一部電腦和調制解調器就可以“參加”，甚至也可以自己設計多媒體網址來參展。
Visitors can easily navigate from an introduction to Luddism to an exhibition on the wildlife of the Galapagos Islands and then to a virtual Bengali religious festival.
參觀者可以看到一個攤位有關反科技潮流的介紹，然后輕易轉到一場加拉帕戈斯群島野生動物的展覽，再去參觀虛擬的孟加拉宗教慶典。
4.All the linked sites are supported by Central Park,a global infrastructure of six computer servers-expected to triple to 18 by year's end-
所有連網的網站都由“中央公園”支援，這是6部電腦伺服器構成的全球性基礎設施，
located in such cities as Tokyo,Amsterdam,Adelaide and Washington.
分別坐落在東京、阿姆斯特丹、阿德萊德與華盛頓等各大都市。
In addition,Japan boasts "public-access points"-from a group of cybercafes in Tokyo's hip Harajuku area to computer stations at the headquarters of telecommunications giant NTT-where people ff the streets and into the Internet.
此外日本還沒有“大眾出入口”，民眾可以離開街道就走進國際互聯(lián)網。這些出入口包括東京時髦的原宿區(qū)網絡咖啡館，以及電傳通訊巨人日本電報電話公司總部的電腦站。
Amsterdamhas a similar setup;more are planned for South Korea and Taiwan.
阿姆斯特丹也有類似的設備，韓國和臺灣也在規(guī)劃中。
5.Getting the fair up and running was by no means easy.
這次博覽會能熱熱鬧鬧地進行，絕非易事。
Malamud,36,spent the past year shutting among 30 countries,lobbying companies that initially dismissed the project as unwieldy and unworkable.
36歲的馬拉木過去一年都在30個國家間穿梭，游說各大公司。起初這些公司都認為他的計劃太龐大、不可行，
While some nations immediately supported the idea,others completely missed the point of Malamud's vision:
也有一些國家立即支持這個構想，有些國家則完全沒掌握住馬拉木夢想中的重點：
to make the fair a public-works project that focuses on what the Internet can offer expert or novice.
把博覽會辦成公共工程計劃，焦點在于國際互聯(lián)網能給專家和新手哪些服務。
Once grass-roots groups started backing the project,though,businesses were not far behind.
到了基層的團體開始支持這項計劃時，企業(yè)界也很快跟進。
By donating equipment and services,these companies will gain access to millions of potential consumers eager to see the firms' latest technologies.
各大公司損贈設備與服務，為的是能接觸到數百萬潛在客戶——他們都急著想看看這些公司最新的科技。
6.Japanese corporations were quick to seize the chance of putting their technological prowess on show.
日本的公司很快抓住機遇把他們的科技實力公開展出。
Sony,for example,focuses its pavilion on its Cyber Passage software,
例如索尼公司攤位強調其“網絡通道”軟體，
which can combine three-dimensional images with sound and motion.
它可以組合立體影像與聲音、動作。
The technology behind Cyber Passage-similar to that used in the Play Station,Sony's successful new 32-bit video-game player-
“網絡通道”用到的技術和新力暢銷的新型32單元電視游樂器“游樂站”的技術類似，
may have applications for distributing and playing 3-D games over the Net.
也許可以應用在網絡上來傳送、執(zhí)行立體游戲。
7.Since the exposition's Jan.1 launch,as many as 40000 visitors each day from more than 40 countries have tried the major Websites(the main home page is at https://park.org).
自從1月1日推出以來，博覽會的主要網站一天能吸引到40多國的4萬名參觀者(主網頁設在https://park.org)。
Most virtual visitors log on from the U.S. and Japan,
大多數的虛擬游客從美國、日本進入，
but the United Arab Emirates,Sweden,Singapore and Estonia have been represented.
可是阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國、瑞典、新加坡與愛沙尼亞也不乏上網者。
Comments logged in the fair's guest book are overwhelmingly positive.
博覽會留言簿上的評語絕大多數是好評。
"Wow,the world is shrinking,"wrote a visitor from the Netherlands.
一名荷蘭來的參觀者留言：“哇！世界變小了。”
8.Since their initial hesitancy,the major sponsors-primarily telecommunications and software companies-
各大贊助公司——主要是電傳通訊公司與軟件公司——
have become firm believers.
起初還有點遲疑，后來都變成堅信不渝。
Beyond the diversity of content and international scope,the fair is a technological marvel.
這場博覽會不僅內容五花八門，涵蓋領域無遠弗屆，在技術方面也是一項奇跡。
A total of $100 million has been contributed toward producing the exposition,$25 million for computer equipment alone.
為了順利推出博覽會，總計捐款達1億美元，光是電腦設備就值2500萬美元。
The central servers have a storage capacity of a terabyte-the quivalent of a million floppy disks.
中央伺服器的儲存量高達兆兆字節(jié)——相當于100萬片軟盤。
Says Rob Blokzijl,a nuclear physicist and a member of the exposition's executive committee：
核子物理學家、博覽會執(zhí)行委員會委員羅布•布洛柯錫說：
"To make all those machines work happily together,you need the Internet."
“讓那么多機器一起愉快工作，只有靠國際互聯(lián)網。”
But since the existing international cpabilities of the Internet were inadequate,
可是因為國際互聯(lián)網現(xiàn)有的國際傳輸容量不足，
he says,"we built a sort of backstage of our own."
他表示“所以我們自己蓋了一個后臺。”
9.And that backstage-a high-speed telecommunications pipeline-is the exposition's true showpiece.
那個后臺是高速的電傳通訊通道，也是博覽會真正的明星展示品。
Just as the 1889 Paris Exposition gave rise to the Eiffel Tower,this world's fair will leave behind a structure that embodies its vision of the future:
1889年的巴黎博覽會留下了埃菲爾鐵塔，這一次的世界博覽會也會留下一個結構來代表未來的遠景：
a transoceanic "railroad" of high-speed fiber-optic links.
越洋的高速光纖電纜——“鐵路”。
MCI and the Japanese telephone company KDD donated an estimated $20 million to the cost of the 45-megabit-per-second data hook-up.
MCI公司和日本電話公司共捐贈約2000萬美元來建設這條每秒可傳45兆位資料的電纜。
Laid down across the Pacific to connect the U.S. with Aisa and Europe,the pipeline adds speed and quality to audio and video transmission:
這條穿越太平洋，連通美國與歐、亞的通道，增強了音響與視訊的傳送速度與品質。
moving from one screen to the next,which may take minutes on a phone circuit,can be done as quickly as switching TV channels with a remote control.
如果用電話線路來換畫面，一次要好幾分鐘?，F(xiàn)在可以快到像用遙控器轉換電視頻道一樣。
10.The fastest international link ever installed,this pipeline could be the first step toward laying a permanent network that will eventually hardwire every nation in the world into the Internet.
這條通道是歷史上最快的國際連線，也是邁出了第一步，將來可能埋下永久性的網線，逐步將世界上每一個國家都直接連入國際互聯(lián)網中。
The organizers hope that the infrastructure-and awareness-nurtured by this exposition will lauch a boom in Net use.
博覽會的規(guī)劃者希望，此次大會培育出來的基礎設施——以及網絡意識——可以推動使用網絡的新熱潮。
"By the end of 1996,"says organizer Cerf,"my hope and expectation is that people will discover there is such a strong business need for it that we'll keep in place."
主事者瑟夫說：“到1996年底，我很希望，也很期待人們會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們建立的聯(lián)網為企業(yè)界迫切需要，那么就可以把它留著。”
Malamud puts it in simpler terms:"I want this to be a fairground that goes on forever."
馬拉木講得更簡單明了：“我希望它是永不結束的市集。”
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