有聲英文閱讀-夢游，是真有其事還是虛構(gòu)出來的？

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Sleepwalking - Fact or Fancy?

There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows, and commit murder in their sleep.
In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen searched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.
At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.
An expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment. I doubt that I'd get many takers."
Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. What is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that an accurate count can never be made.
The question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep? Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Dr. Zelda Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, "The sleepwalker is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.
What are the chances of a sleepwalker committing a murder or doing something else extraordinary in his sleep? Dr. Teplitz says, "Most people have such great inhibitions against murder or violence that they would awaken if someone didn't wake them up." In general, authorities on sleepwalking agree with her. They think that people will not do anything in their sleep that is against their own moral standard. As for the publicized cases, Dr. Teplitz points out, "Sleepwalking itself is dramatic… sleepwalkers can always find an audience. I think that some of their tall tales get exaggerated in the telling." In her own records of case histories, there is not one sleepwalker who ever got beyond his own front door.
To protect themselves, some sleepwalkers have been known to tie themselves in bed, lock their doors, hide the keys, bolt the window, and take all sorts of measures to wake themselves if they should get out of bed. Curiously enough, they have an unusual way of avoiding their own traps when they sleepwalk, so none of their tricks seem to work very well. Some sleepwalkers talk in their sleep loudly enough to wake someone else in the family who can then shake them back to their senses.
Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit. In many adults, too, the condition is more or less temporary. If it happens often, however, the sleepwalker should seek help. Although sleepwalking itself is nothing to become alarmed about, the problems that cause the sleepwalking may be very serious.

夢游，是真有其事還是虛構(gòu)出來的？

關(guān)于夢游的人，有說不完的事：據(jù)說有些人在夢游中爬上了屋頂、解出了一些數(shù)學題、作了曲，從窗戶走出去了，殺了人。
在美國馬薩諸塞州的里維爾市，一百名警察在搜找一個失蹤了的男孩，這個男孩在睡眠中離開了家，5個小時以后在一間陌生的客廳中的一個陌生的長沙發(fā)上醒來了，他竟然一點也不知道他是怎么到了那兒。'
在美國艾奧瓦，州立大學，據(jù)報導說，有個學生有個習慣，老是在半夜里起床然后步行3/4英里路走到艾奧瓦河，他習慣于游一會泳，然后才回到他的房間上床就寢。
美國有位研究睡眠問題的專家說，他從來也沒見過正在夢游的人。據(jù)說他在睡眠問題方面的知識在世界上比任何人都懂得多，據(jù)說最近35年他放棄了很多睡眠時間去觀察人們的睡眠狀況。他說，"當然，我知道有些人會夢游，因為我在報紙上看到過。但是我所觀察過的睡眠中的人沒有任何人會在睡眠中起來走路，倘使我真的登廣告招聘有夢游經(jīng)歷的人前來參加我的實驗的話，我看我就未必能招聘到很多人來參加實驗。"
然而，從科學的角度講，夢游確是真有其事的。夢游是那種有時近似于奇異怪誕的不可思議的現(xiàn)象之一。關(guān)于夢游癥所能肯定焉的兩點就是夢游是情緒紊亂的一種癥狀，要治好夢游癥的唯一的辦法就是去年導致焦慮和擔憂的病因。醫(yī)生們都說，夢游癥要比人們通常認為的情況更加普遍得多。許多夢游癥患者不前來就醫(yī)，因而也就永遠也不能記錄在案，這就意味著永也沒辦法作出精確的統(tǒng)計。
問題是：正在夢游的人是清醒的呢，還是依然在睡夢中？科學家們斷定夢游患者是處于半醒半睡的狀態(tài)中。澤爾達o泰普麗茲醫(yī)生對夢游這一課題進行了十年的仔細觀察和研究之后說，"夢游的人控制肌肉的那一部分大腦是清醒的，而控制感官的那一部分仍在睡夢中。"換句話說，一個人可以在睡夢中走路，到處亂走，或作其他一些事情，但這個人并沒仔細考慮過他或她在干什么。
一個在睡夢中正在夢游的人干出殺人或某種別的令人震驚的事是可能性有多大？泰普麗茲醫(yī)生說："大多數(shù)人都有非常強大的抑制去傷人或去從事暴行的能力，以致如果別人若不把他們喚醒的話，他們自己也會醒來。"一般來講，研究夢游問題的一些學術(shù)權(quán)威都同意她的說法。他們認為人們在睡夢中不會干出任何違背他們自己的道德準則的事情來。至于談到傳聞中那些夢游的故事，泰普麗茲醫(yī)生指出："夢游本身就是帶有戲劇色彩的事情……總會有些聽眾愿意去聽夢游者的故事。我認為他們的一些本來就是言過其實的故事在傳講的過程中被有枝添葉地夸大了。"在她記錄的病例檔案中，沒有任何一個在夢游的人曾經(jīng)走出過自己家的前門。
眾所周知，有些患有夢游癥的人，為了保護自己把自己捆綁在床上，鎖上自己的門，把鑰匙藏起來，把窗戶都栓死，若是萬一自己起了床去夢游，他們采取了各種各樣的措施以便把自己弄清醒過來。說來這事也真夠怪的，在他們起來夢游時，總能用一些不一般的手段避開自己清醒時所設下的那些防范的措施，所以他們那些防范的招數(shù)都不能很好地起作用。有些患夢游癥的人在夢游時會大聲說話，以便把家庭中其他人吵醒，然后讓家人把他們搖回清醒狀態(tài)。
凡是患有夢游癥的兒童長大以后通常都能改掉夢游的習慣。許多成年人也會改掉夢游的習慣，夢游的狀態(tài)多多少少都具有暫時性?？墒?，如果經(jīng)常發(fā)生夢游，那夢游患者就該去就醫(yī)。盡管夢游這種現(xiàn)象本身根本就不值得大驚小怪的，但是導致夢游的種種問題卻很可能是非常嚴重的。