美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班 045
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A: 大家好! 我是楊琳, 歡迎來(lái)到美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班!
B: 大家好，我是Kat! 楊琳，趕快來(lái)介紹一下今天的節(jié)目?jī)?nèi)容吧！
A: 沒(méi)問(wèn)題! 今天，咱們要去體驗(yàn)一下美國(guó)的高中生活，當(dāng)回拉拉隊(duì)，要聊聊怎么戒煙，還要告訴大家怎么用美語(yǔ)說(shuō)“開夜車”。
B: 哇！開夜車，I'm an expert on that!
A: 那你等會(huì)來(lái)給大家介紹介紹你的熬夜心得吧！
B: 哈哈，沒(méi)問(wèn)題！不過(guò)節(jié)目一開始，還是先來(lái)個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的！
A: 對(duì)，咱們先花一分種，學(xué)一個(gè)詞兒！
學(xué)個(gè)詞 for 03/07/2012
YangL/LIN
今天我們要學(xué)的詞是 account for. Account is spelled a-c-c-o-u-n-t, account; and for, f-o-r, for; account for. Account for 意思是所占百分比。Labor accounts for only 5% of the cost of making an iPhone. 在產(chǎn)生蘋果手機(jī)的成本中，人工僅占百分之五。上星期出臺(tái)的美國(guó)零售業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)令人鼓舞。大家普遍關(guān)注零售業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)是因?yàn)?，Consumer spending accounts for more than 70 percent of all economic activity. 消費(fèi)者開支占了整體經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的70%多。美國(guó)很受歡迎的影視租賃公司Netflix表示：TV series now account for more than half of all Netflix viewing. 用戶收看電視劇集的比例占全部業(yè)務(wù)的一半以上。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是account for, account for, account for.
A: 我也來(lái)造個(gè)句， I account for 90% of the work when it comes to hosting the show...
B: (打斷)What??!! You account for how much?!!
A: 哈哈，別生氣嘛Kat! 我跟你開玩笑呢！
B: 別理我，我生氣呢！
A: 哎呀，那你說(shuō)，怎么才能補(bǔ)償你！
B: Let me see. I think a very tasty banana strawberry shake will give us the clean slate that we need.
A：啊？你是說(shuō)，要一個(gè)美味的香蕉草莓奶昔？ 好吧好吧...誰(shuí)叫我說(shuō)錯(cuò)話了呢!
B： 哈哈，I like your attitude! 言歸正傳，今天的words and idioms里，我們要來(lái)學(xué)剛剛我提到的"clean slate".
A: Let's listen!
Words and Idioms
現(xiàn)在播送<美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)>第 958講。我是楊琳。
M：我是 Douglas Johnson.
女: 我有個(gè)好消息！我們的園藝俱樂(lè)部終于又要聚會(huì)了！前段時(shí)間，我們的成員之間鬧了點(diǎn)不愉快。有些人想繼續(xù)種植原來(lái)的花草，而另外一些人希望引進(jìn)新品種，兩派意見(jiàn)談不攏，弄得我們差點(diǎn)散伙。不過(guò)最后大家還是達(dá)成一致，和好如初。這讓我想到一句習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，那就是：
M: Clean slate. Clean is spelled c-l-e-a-n; and slate; s-l-a-t-e, slate.
大家都知道，clean是干凈的，slate是石板的意思。連起來(lái)，Clean slate, 干凈的石板，引伸出來(lái)就是“盡棄前嫌，重新開始”的意思。像上面的例子中，俱樂(lè)部成員最終克服了彼此間的矛盾，盡棄前嫌，重新開始。在下面這個(gè)例子中，Jeremy未來(lái)如何？我們來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他的朋友是怎么說(shuō)的：
M: "Jeremy had a terrible gambling problem. He got into such bad debt that he lost his house and his car. Eventually, he received counseling. And a court allowed him to declare bankruptcy. That's given him the CLEAN SLATE he needed. He's slowly rebuilding his life."
[這段話是說(shuō): 杰里米以前賭博上癮，結(jié)果欠了很多債，房子和車子都沒(méi)了。最后，他接受了心理咨詢，法院也允許他宣布破產(chǎn)，這給了他重新開始的機(jī)會(huì)。他正在慢慢地重新建立自己的生活。 ]
女：他其實(shí)很幸運(yùn)。很多嗜賭的人都有類似問(wèn)題，而銀行不會(huì)讓每個(gè)人都宣布破產(chǎn)。這個(gè)詞也讓我想到現(xiàn)在美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)山上的政治辯論。公眾對(duì)政治家爭(zhēng)吵不休，而又無(wú)法達(dá)成任何結(jié)果很不滿意，我想下次選舉，可能很多議員都會(huì)失去席位! A CLEAN SLATE might be just what it will take to meet the voters' expectations. 選民們希望選舉出新的議員，重新開始。
好了，讓我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)剛才那段話:
M: "Jeremy had a terrible gambling problem. He got into such bad debt that he lost his house and his car. Eventually, he received counseling. And a court allowed him to declare bankruptcy. That's given him the CLEAN SLATE he needed. He's slowly rebuilding his life."
上面我們說(shuō)到，如果你不滿意代表自己的議員，下次不選他就是了?？墒牵绻銓?duì)自己的家人心存不滿，要怎么辦呢？或許下面的例子能給你一些啟發(fā)，讓我們來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)看:
M: "My sister and I used to argue constantly. Sometimes we wouldn't speak to each other for days. Then our mom was diagnosed with cancer. And we decided that we didn't want to go on fighting with each other anymore. We started with a CLEAN SLATE. What happened in the past was behind us."
[這段話是說(shuō): 我妹妹和我過(guò)去經(jīng)常吵架，有時(shí)一連好幾天彼此誰(shuí)也不理誰(shuí)。可自從知道媽媽被診斷出得了癌癥后，我們就決定再也這樣沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地爭(zhēng)吵了。過(guò)去的都過(guò)去了，我們決定重新開始。]
女: 是啊，有時(shí)候從不幸的事情里面，也會(huì)在其他方面得到好的結(jié)果。上面的例子里，如果這兩個(gè)姐妹的媽媽不生病，她們可能一直都這樣吵吵鬧鬧。They decided to leave the past behind them and start with a clean slate. 她們決定盡棄前嫌，重新開始。好的，我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)剛才那段話:
M: "My sister and I used to argue constantly. Sometimes we wouldn't speak to each other for days. Then our mom was diagnosed with cancer. And we decided that we didn't want to go on fighting with each other anymore. We started with a CLEAN SLATE. What happened in the past was behind us."
今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)是CLEAN SLATE，意思是“盡棄前嫌，重新開始”。好的，這次[美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)]就到此結(jié)束，我是楊琳，我是 Douglas Johnson。謝謝各位的收聽(tīng)。
A: Kat, let's start with a clean slate. 快把剛才的不愉快忘了吧！
B：Haha, it's alright 楊琳。I was up all night trying to finish this report, so I'm a little bit cranky today.
A: Awww, 原來(lái)是這樣！我也是，一睡不好就影響情緒，容易發(fā)飆。不過(guò)我一般需要9個(gè)小時(shí)的嬰兒睡眠，所以開夜車對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)直就是不可能！
B: Well, as I said, I'm an expert at this. Basically, you have to prepare a lot of fruits and vegetables, and most importantly, tons of coffee!
A: 你還真是經(jīng)驗(yàn)挺足哈！正好，今天咱們的美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)就要教這個(gè)開夜車，咱們趕快來(lái)學(xué)學(xué)有關(guān)熬夜的詞兒吧！
B: Let's listen!
MC：Jessica 在北京學(xué)中文，她的中國(guó)朋友要是遇到了不知道用美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)的詞，就會(huì)來(lái)請(qǐng)教她。今天是怡茹要問(wèn)的：開夜車。
Jessica：怡茹, why do you look so tired?
YR: 這幾天又復(fù)習(xí)又考試，累得我眼睛都快睜不開啦! 昨天晚上，我復(fù)習(xí)了一個(gè)通宵啊! I drove a night car!
Jessica: You drove a night car?
YR: 對(duì)啊! 我開了一宿夜車! 難道不是這么說(shuō)的？
Jessica: 哈哈，you should use the phrase "pull an all-nighter." It means you spent the whole night studying or working to meet a deadline.
YR: 哦，整宿學(xué)習(xí)工作不睡覺(jué)，就是 pull an all-nighter. 唉! 都怪我平時(shí)沒(méi)好好復(fù)習(xí)，期末考試前只能臨時(shí)抱佛腳!
Jessica: You're not alone, Yiru! A lot of college students pull all-nighters for exams. You can also use the phrase "cram session." It means an intense period of study before a critical exam.
YR: C-r-a-m, cram, 是倉(cāng)促備考的意思，所以 a cram session 就是考前的突擊復(fù)習(xí)。正說(shuō)呢，My study group will have a cram session this afternoon for tomorrow's exam. Hopefully we can get everything done before midnight so that I don't have to pull an all-nighter again!
Jessica: Take it easy, Yiru. Isn't your exam tomorrow an open-book test?
YR: Open-book test? 哦，你是說(shuō)開卷考試吧？沒(méi)錯(cuò)，這門是開卷，可老師對(duì)開卷考試的答案要求更高。我可不想考砸了!
Jessica: You won't bomb it. You're a smart girl!
YR: 你說(shuō)“bomb"--那不是轟炸的意思么？我猜這就是說(shuō)沒(méi)考好，對(duì)么？
Jessica: Exactly.
YR: 那要是不及格，掛科了，怎么說(shuō)呢？
Jessica: Then you can use the verb "flunk", f-l-u-n-k, flunk. It means you fail to pass an exam.
YR: I don't want to flunk my exam, so---I gotta go!
Jessica: Before you go, tell me what you've learned today!
YR: 第一，開夜車，通宵學(xué)習(xí)工作，叫 pull an all-nighter; 考試前的突擊復(fù)習(xí)叫 cram session;
第二，開卷考試是 open-book test;
第三，考試考砸了用動(dòng)詞 bomb, 不及格則用 flunk!
這次的"美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)"就到這里了。如果你也有不會(huì)說(shuō)的詞，請(qǐng)寫信給Jessica, 電郵請(qǐng)寄meiyu@voanews.com
A: Open-book exam, 開卷考試，這個(gè)我喜歡！
B: Well actually, open-book exams can be hard. I prefer closed-book exams with a cheat-sheet.
A: Cheat-sheet? 這難道是...小抄?
B: 呵呵，我可不會(huì)教大家作弊! A cheat sheet is a certain sized card that you can write all your formulas on, so you don't have to remember them by heart!
A: 原來(lái)這就是公式卡！真人性化！我記得我高中的時(shí)候，成天背數(shù)學(xué)公式，腦袋都要爆炸了！
B: Yeah. Remembering formulas can be annoying. But apart from the pop quizzes and homework, high school can be fun as well! Just think of all the parties and gossip!
A：哈哈，也是。在今天的美語(yǔ)三級(jí)跳里，咱們就去體會(huì)一下美國(guó)的高中生活與我們的有什么不同！
High School: beginner
今天我們?yōu)槟コ?ldquo;美語(yǔ)三級(jí)跳”節(jié)目“高中生活”單元的初級(jí)課程。
Heather 和 Jeremy 是高中同學(xué)，倆人一起上數(shù)學(xué)課。在上課前的幾分鐘，他們聊了起來(lái)。
Professor: That's right, Winnie. Say, what do students in my class talk about before I arrive?
Professor, 我們都在聊您有多好啊當(dāng)然了，如果您不給我們留作業(yè)，就更好了!
Professor: Really? Well, it's better to be feared than loved!
Jeremy: Hi Heather. Did you have a nice weekend?
Heather: Hi Jeremy. Yes, I had a really great weekend. How was your weekend?
Jeremy: It was great! I got to have fun on Saturday and Sunday because we didn't have any homework.
Heather: Yes we did! We had to read our math textbook and do some math problems. Did you forget?
Jeremy: Oh no, I forgot to do the homework! I hope there isn't a pop quiz.
Jeremy 和 Heather 談到剛過(guò)去的周末。Jeremey說(shuō)他周末玩兒得很痛快，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校沒(méi)留作業(yè)?？善鋵?shí)并不是這樣，是他忘記作業(yè)了!
Professor: That's right Winnie. And what was the homework?
Heather 提醒說(shuō)，作業(yè)是看math textbook--數(shù)學(xué)書，然后 do some problems--作一些練習(xí)題。對(duì)了Professor, Jeremy說(shuō)，希望今天沒(méi)有pop quiz，這是什么呢？
Professor: A pop quiz is a quiz that the teacher did not tell you about beforehand.
MC: 哦，pop quiz 就是隨堂測(cè)驗(yàn)，也就是事先沒(méi)有通知學(xué)生，突然進(jìn)行的小測(cè)驗(yàn)! Jeremy 沒(méi)看書也沒(méi)作題，要是有pop quiz， 他就慘啦!
Heather: You didn't do the homework? Yeah, you will definitely fail if there is a pop quiz.
Jeremy: I know! How much time do I have to cram?
Heather: Well, class starts in five minutes. I don't think that's enough time.
Jeremy: You're right. Can I just copy your answers?
Heather也說(shuō)，如果老師給他們pop quiz, Jeremy 一定會(huì)fail--不及格。
Professor: That's right. So what does Jeremy ask Heather?
Jeremy問(wèn)她還有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才上課，這樣他可以cram--突擊準(zhǔn)備一下。
Professor: Correct. "Cramming" is studying a lot of information in a short period of time. For example, "It's best to start studying for the test early so that you don"t have to cram the night before.
沒(méi)錯(cuò)?？上?，還有5 分鐘就上課了。cramming 也來(lái)不及了。所以Jeremy想出最后一招，copy Heather's answers--抄Heather的作業(yè)!
Heather: You want me to give you the answers? I think that's cheating.
Jeremy: Cheating? Of course not. Just pretend you are my tutor.
Heather: I don't know, Jeremy. I worked hard to do those problems. Why should I just give you the answers?
Jeremy: Because if you do, I will invite you to my party this weekend.
Heather不愿意讓Jeremy抄自己的答案，她說(shuō)這是cheating--作弊!
Professor: That's right, Winnie. What does Jeremy say?
Jeremy 說(shuō)，Heather應(yīng)該把自己當(dāng)成他的tutor--家庭教師，這樣，給他抄答案就理所當(dāng)然了! 對(duì)了，Professor Bowman, tutor這個(gè)詞可以當(dāng)動(dòng)詞么？
Professor: Yes. For example, if you aren't good at math, you should find someone to tutor you in math.
我明白了，tutor 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞就是“給別人輔導(dǎo)”的意思。Jeremy想賄賂Heather，說(shuō)如果Heather讓他抄作業(yè)，他就請(qǐng)Heather參加周末的派對(duì)。
Heather: Really? You will invite me to your party this weekend?
Jeremy: Yes. All the coolest people come to my parties.
Heather: I know! They sound like a lot of fun.
Jeremy: So, will you help me?
Heather: Well ... OK. But change one or two of the answers so we don't turn in the same homework.
Jeremy: Great!
啊？ Heather 就這樣投降啦？為了能參加這個(gè)酷酷的派對(duì)，她竟然犧牲原則。
Professor: That's right. But what does she tell Jeremy he has to do?
MC: 她說(shuō)，Jeremy得把一兩道題的答案改一下，以免倆人交上去一模一樣的作業(yè)，被老師發(fā)現(xiàn)是抄的。沒(méi)看出來(lái)，Heather還這么狡猾! 唉，希望Jeremy的派對(duì)別讓Heather失望，要不她的犧牲就白費(fèi)了!
Professor: Let's listen next time to find out!
A: 原來(lái)，Jeremy 忘了周末有作業(yè)，而且也沒(méi)復(fù)習(xí)，所以他希望今天不要有pop quiz隨堂測(cè)驗(yàn)。他問(wèn)Heather說(shuō)還剩多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間讓他來(lái)cram 突擊復(fù)習(xí)，還說(shuō)要抄Heather的作業(yè)， 讓Heather just pretends to be his tutor. 假裝是他家教。 可真不怎么樣!
B: Cheating is always bad. But I remember those pop quizzes and endless exams! They can make your life pretty stressful.
A: 聽(tīng)起來(lái)你的高中生活就挺緊張的?
B：Yeah, my high school was pretty intense, so we had to find a way to let the stress out. Some people preferred to go for a hike, I liked to party with my friends, and some people even tried smoking.
A: 高中就吸煙，對(duì)身體多不好啊! I bet it takes a lot of effort to quit smoking down the road.
B：對(duì)啊! 今天的business etiquette里就講到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，咱們一起去聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)!
禮節(jié)美語(yǔ)--- Quit Smoking I
Daisy在公司走廊上跟同事Johnny打招呼。
Daisy: Hey Johnny, good to see you! How have you been? I haven't seen you in almost a month.
Johnny: Eleven days, six hours, 21 minutes, and let me see....twenty something seconds.
D: Umm....eleven what?
J: Eleven days since my last cigarette!
D: Hey...good for you! High five!
Daisy將近一個(gè)月沒(méi)見(jiàn)到Johnny，Johnny在這期間把煙戒了，戒煙已經(jīng)持續(xù)了 eleven days, six hours, 21 minutes, and twenty something seconds. 11天6小時(shí)21分鐘20幾秒。Daisy對(duì)Johnny表示贊揚(yáng)，說(shuō) good for you! 有你的。這時(shí)候女同事Kathy湊了過(guò)來(lái)。
Kathy: Good afternoon. What are we celebrating?
D: Johnny here has been trying to quit cigarettes for years!
J: And today I'm almost 2 weeks into my program!
K: Wow, congratulations! I quit 10 years ago, but then again, I was never really a serious smoker.
D: Johnny here was a three-pack-a-day man!
K: You smoked three packs a day??! That's some hard-core smoking! So...It must have been very difficult to quit.
J: Well, I've only been smoke-free for 11 days so I can't pat myself on the back too much. But yes, it has been really tough...probably the hardest thing I've ever done in my life.
Kathy說(shuō)自己是十年前戒的煙，但戒煙前其實(shí)抽得也不是很多，I was never a serious smoker. 這一點(diǎn)跟 Johnny 比大不一樣，Johnny原來(lái)每天抽三盒，He was a three-pack-a-day man. 英文里根據(jù)抽煙的多少，可以分為 social smoker 偶爾抽著玩的人；light smoker 煙癮不大的人；heavy smoker 煙癮很大的人，還有 chain smoker 一根接一根抽的人，Johnny顯然就是這種人，a hard-core smoker 鐵桿煙民。Johnny說(shuō)，自己剛剛戒了11天，還不能 pat myself on the back 自滿。to pat oneself on the back 是自我表?yè)P(yáng)，自我鼓勵(lì)的意思。 Daisy說(shuō)，
D: I quit cold turkey, and that was pretty darn hard.
J: Quitting smoking takes a lot of willpower, but these days a lot of help is available if you look for it.
K: My uncle tried hypnosis. A specialist tried to hypnotize him to give him the suggestion that he should stop smoking.
J: Did it work?
K: He quit for a few months, but then he fell back into his old habit.
D: A lot of my friends have tried nicotine patches. Nicotine is an addictive drug and when you quit using it, you get seriously grumpy. Sometimes a patch can help reduce nicotine cravings.
戒煙需要毅力，It takes a lot of willpower. Daisy說(shuō)自己當(dāng)年說(shuō)不抽就不抽了，to quit something cold turkey. 意思是干凈利落地戒掉某種習(xí)慣。Kathy說(shuō)，她叔叔曾嘗試過(guò)hypnosis催眠，hypnosis is spelled h-y-p-n-o-s-i-s, hypnosis, 動(dòng)詞是 hypnotize, h-y-p-n-o-t-i-z-e, 但是只堅(jiān)持了幾個(gè)月，就又fell back into his old habit 重新?lián)炱鹆伺f習(xí)慣。Daisy說(shuō)，他很多朋友都用 nicotine patches 尼古丁貼片，減少身體對(duì)尼古丁的 cravings, cravings 指強(qiáng)烈愿望，在這是指對(duì)尼古丁的癮頭。戒煙還有其他什么好辦法呢？我們下次繼續(xù)聽(tīng)。
A: 我記得我叔叔就是個(gè)Chain smoker, 一根接著一根地抽! He said it's impossible for him to quit smoking since he's always craving for it!
B: Smoking can do some serious damage to your lungs. Also it's not good for you to be in an environment that's full of cigarette smoke.
A: 所以說(shuō)，我們要對(duì)香煙說(shuō)不! 好啦，下面咱們健康一下，去運(yùn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)體育美語(yǔ)吧！
ASE Cheers
Y: Hi, this is Yang Chen.
P: And I'm Patrick.
Y: 看體育比賽到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和看電視不一樣，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可以為運(yùn)動(dòng)員加油打氣。給球隊(duì)加油。英語(yǔ)里基本的說(shuō)法是：
P: Let's go!
Y: Let's go 在這里不是我們走吧，而是加油。Patrick, 你先教大家怎么喊加油。
P: Let's Go is followed by the name of the team you are cheering for. You then follow it with another "Let's go." Like "Let's go, Lakers. Let's go."
Y: 先說(shuō)一遍L(zhǎng)et's go. 然后喊球隊(duì)的名字，最后再喊一遍 Let's go. 如果為美國(guó)隊(duì)加油，就喊：
P: Let's go, Team U.S.A, Let's go!
Y: 我們倆一齊喊怎么樣？
Y/P: Let's go, Team U.S.A, Let's go! Let's go, Team USA, Let's go!
P: Wow. We are good!
Y: 給單個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員加油和給一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)加油不一樣。
P: To cheer on an individual athlete in a race or a competition, many U.S. fans will yell: "Come on!" followed by the name of the athlete they are cheering for. They will end with "You can do it!"
Y: 你要是喜歡看貝克汗姆踢球，那就喊：
P: Come on! Beckham, You can do it!
But, perhaps the most famous cheer is one used at middle and high schools all over America. It goes like this "Two, Four, Six, Eight-who do we appreciate?" followed by the name of the team you are rooting for.
Y: 這個(gè)有意思：Two, Four, Six, Eight---Who do we appreciate? 火箭隊(duì)！Don't you want to try?
P: Not this time, Yang Chen.
Y: Come on, Patrick! You can do it!
A: Come on! Jeremy Lin, You can do it!
B: 看來(lái)你是林書豪的鐵桿粉絲啦!
A: 那當(dāng)然! 他球打得又好，人又帥又高，而且還是哈佛畢業(yè)的！簡(jiǎn)直就是我的白馬王子！
B: 行啦楊琳，Daydreaming time ends now. 不過(guò)，下次他來(lái)華盛頓比賽，咱們可以一塊去看!
A: I like that idea!! 好了, 這次節(jié)目時(shí)間到了。這次的剪輯是小北，編輯是蔚然。同學(xué)們，我們下次再見(jiàn)！
B：See You Later, Alligator!
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