外國人最想和你聊的文化話題：快餐文化

　Realize Fast－food culture　認識快餐文化

     1　快餐文化的成因及其弊端
     Unless you're in a particularly remote area, you can't go far in most develo ped countries without finding a fast-food restaurant. You also can't go far without seeing cars, even if most of those cars are taxis. Much of the time, fast-food restaurants and cars seem to be everywhere. This is really no coincidence-without cars, we wouldn't have fast food. The fast food phenomenon evolved from drive-in restaurants built in southern California in the early 1940s. Richard and Maurice McDonald owned such a restaurant.
     Fast food as a new thing becomes more popular everywhere, the main reason is that fast food is convenient for people working and living, especially popular in young people, for their fast living speed.
     Fast food (also known as Quick Service Restaurant or QSR within the industry itself) is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.
     According to the Massachusetts Medical Society Committee on Nutrition, fast food is especially high in fat content, and studies have found associations between fast food intake and increased body mass index (BMI) and weight gain. A 2006 study fed monkeys a diet consisting of a similar level of trans fats as what a person who ate fast food regularly would consume. Both diets contained the same overall number of calories. It was found that the monkeys who consumed higher level of trans fat developed more abdominal fat than those fed a diet rich in unsaturated fats. They also developed signs of insulin resistance, which is an early indicator of diabetes. After six years on the diet, the trans fat fed monkeys had gained 7.2% of their body weight, compared to just 1.8% in the unsaturated fat group.
     2　常見的快餐店以及快餐食物的表達方式
     （1）常見的美國快餐店
     KFC　肯德基
     KFC Corporation (KFC), founded and also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States.
     McDonald's　麥當勞
     McDonald's Corporation (NYSE：MCD) is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving more than 58 million customers daily.
     Panda express　　　　　　 極速熊貓
     Jack in the box　　　　　 盒子里的杰克
     Subway　　　　　　　　　　賽百味
     （2）常見的快餐食物
     Hamburger　　　　　　　　　漢堡包
     Cheese Burger　　　　　　 干酪漢堡
     French Fries　　　　　　　 薯條
     (ketchup番茄醬)
     Salad　　　　　　　　　　　沙律/時蔬沙拉/色拉
     Orange Juice　　　　　　　 柳橙汁
     Milk Shake　　　　　　　　 奶昔
     Hot Pie　　　　　　　　　 蘋果批/紅豆批/蘋果派/紅豆派/芋頭派
     CSD　　　　　　　　　　　　碳酸飲料
     Hot Cake　　　　　　　　　 熱香餅/松餅
     McChicken　　　　　　　　　麥香雞
     Bagel　　　　　　　　　　　貝果
     快餐具有大眾化、節(jié)時、方便的優(yōu)點。如今快餐已成為一種普遍的生活方式，并因此出現(xiàn)了"快餐文化"和"速食主義"。但是快餐往往高油脂、高鹽分、高糖分，含大量調(diào)味料，屬低纖維的食物，含較多的人工添加劑，所以過多食用對身體有弊無利。近年來，不少人開始反思快餐弊端，希望回歸"綠色"、健康的飲食方式。一場相對快餐的"慢餐運動"逐漸興起。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞語全知道
     Nowadays, to keep up with the quickening pace of our society, many people turn to fast food to cut down their time spent in eating.
     如今，為了跟上加速發(fā)展的社會步伐，許多人轉(zhuǎn)向吃快餐來減少他們花在吃上的時間。
     Fast food is any food that is quick, convenient, and usually inexpensive.
     快速、方便、便宜的食物一般就是快餐。
     Because of commercial emphasis on speed, uniformity and low cost, fast food products are often made with ingredients formulated to achieve a certain flavor or consistency and to preserve freshness.
     由于商業(yè)原因強調(diào)速度、劃一、低成本，快餐常常使用配方成分來達到某種味道或一致性。
     Fast food is usually rapidly served in cartons or bags or in a plastic wrapping, in a fashion which minimizes cost.
     快餐往往是一種快速服務(wù)，食品用最小成本裝在紙質(zhì)或者塑料的袋子里。
     We acknowledge that fast food really gratifies our strong desire to save time.
     我們承認快餐的確能滿足我們對節(jié)約時間的強烈需求。
     Relying on fast food on a long-term basis may cause a person to suffer from malnutrition. What is more serious is that some fast food contains many calories which can turn into fat. As we know, too much fat is harmful to our health.
     長時間依賴快餐作為飲食的基礎(chǔ)會導致營養(yǎng)不良。更嚴重的是大多數(shù)快餐中都含有較高的卡路里，可以變成脂肪。眾所周知，過多的脂肪對健康有害。
     Fast-food restaurants do not serve alcohol. The soft drinks most often sold are Coca- Cola and Pepsi- Cola, plus fizzy drinks.
     快餐店都不出售酒類。常售的軟飲料包括可口可樂、百事可樂和碳酸泡沫飲料。
     Fast food chains have come under criticism over concerns ranging from claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.
     快餐連鎖店受到的批評包括：對健康的負面影響，動物殘殺，對員工的剝削以及通過使人們改變對傳統(tǒng)食物的食用改變其飲食結(jié)構(gòu)以達到文化降格。
     McDonald's restaurants are found in 119 countries and territories around the world and serve 58 million customers each day.
     麥當勞在全世界119個國家和地區(qū)都有分店，每天服務(wù)約5800萬顧客。
     Most standalone McDonald's restaurants offer both counter service and drive-through service, with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating.
     獨立的麥當勞的餐廳提供柜臺服務(wù)和駕車通過服務(wù)，一般在室內(nèi)和室外都有座位設(shè)置。
     KFC in the US has been accused by Greenpeace of a large destruction of the Amazon Rainforest, because the supply of soy used for chicken food.
     肯德基在美國受綠色和平組織的指控，他們?yōu)樘峁╇u食用的大豆而破壞亞馬遜森林。
     KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods.
     肯德基在它的食品中部分使用氫化油。
     Fast food is very poor in vitamins and minerals.
     快餐中缺乏維生素和礦物質(zhì)。
     Fast food business has developed tremendously in the past 50 years. Nowadays people will see all kinds of fast food restaurants here and there.
     過去50年，快餐業(yè)發(fā)展迅速?，F(xiàn)在快餐店隨處可見。
     The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban development.
     熟食的售賣概念和城市發(fā)展是緊密聯(lián)系的。
     Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten "on the go", often does not require traditional cutlery, and is eaten as a finger food.
     自產(chǎn)生開始，快餐就被設(shè)計為邊走邊吃的東西，通常不需要傳統(tǒng)的道具，而是往往用手指食用。
     In the United States alone, consumers spent about US$110 billion on fast food in 2000.
     單單在美國，2000年，消費者就花費了1100億美元在快餐上。
     Fast food does raise health concerns. However, if careful, you can find some options on the menu of a fast food restaurant that could be healthier.
     快餐的確引發(fā)人們對健康的擔憂。但是如果在快餐菜單上仔細選擇，還是可以吃得健康的。
     It is a fact that fast food is unhealthier than home-cooked meals, as they contain higher amounts of salt, fats and calories.
     快餐比家庭自制食物要更不健康是因為它高鹽分，高脂肪和高熱量。