紅細(xì)胞 Erythrocyte

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紅細(xì)胞 Erythrocyte

　　紅細(xì)胞

　　A red blood cell; one of the formed elements in the peripheral blood. In most mammals mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks that have no nuclei. The degree of concavity varies between species, as does the size. Birds have nucleated, oval erythrocytes. The cell consists mainly of hemoglobin and a supporting framework, called the stroma. Erythrocyte formation (erythropoiesis) takes place in the red bone marrow in the adult, and in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of the fetus. Erythrocyte formation requires an ample supply of certain dietary elements such as iron, cobalt and copper, amino acids and certain vitamins. form www.med66.com

　　又稱紅血球，為末梢血有形成分之一。在多數(shù)哺乳動物中，成熟紅細(xì)胞呈雙凹面盤樣，無細(xì)胞核。凹度因物種而異，大小也各不相同。但鳥類紅細(xì)胞則有核，呈橢圓形。紅細(xì)胞主要有血紅素和成形物質(zhì)（紅細(xì)胞基質(zhì)）組成。紅細(xì)胞生成于成人的紅骨髓和胎兒的肝、脾和骨髓。紅細(xì)胞生成必須要有某些飲食元素的充足供應(yīng)，如鐵、鈷銅、氨基酸及某些維生素。

　　One of the most important red blood cell tests is used to find out how much haemoglobin there is in the blood. This is called the haemoglobin concentration or level. Haemoglobin carries oxygen around your body. Another important test, the mean corpuscular volume or MCV test, measures the size of the red blood cells.

　　紅細(xì)胞檢查中最重要的一項(xiàng)是血色素（血紅蛋白）檢查，即血色素濃度檢查。血紅蛋白輸送軀體中的氧氣。另一項(xiàng)是紅細(xì)胞平均容積檢查（MCV），檢查紅血球的容量。

　　If a person suffers from anaemia their haemoglobin level will always be less than normal. But the size of the red blood cells depends on the type of anaemia one has.

　　貧血患者的血紅蛋白都會低于正常值，具體數(shù)量則取決于所患貧血的類型。

　　A haematocrit test measures the total volume that red blood cells take up in the blood. Almost all types of anaemia will cause a low haematocrit (a low red blood cell volume), as will very severe bleeding. A high haematocrit can occur if a person is dehydrated from not drinking enough fluid or because they are losing fluid as happens with diarrhoea, burns and sometimes surgery.

　　紅細(xì)胞壓積則測定血液中紅血球的總?cè)萘?。幾乎所有貧血患者的紅細(xì)胞壓積都很低，而且容易出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重出血。當(dāng)病人因攝水不足引起脫水，或失水過多時，如腹瀉、燒傷及外科手術(shù)等，就會出現(xiàn)高紅細(xì)胞壓積。

　　If the red blood cells are pale, it can be a sign of iron deficiency anaemia. If they have a strange shape, it may be because of sickle cell anaemia or pernicious anaemia.

　　通常，如果紅血球變淡，可能是缺鐵性貧血的癥狀，如果紅血球形狀異常，則可能是鐮狀細(xì)胞性貧血或惡性貧血所致。

　　Stains may also be added to the blood smear to test the blood for parasites, for example in the case of sleeping sickness or malaria. They may also test for bacteria in the case of blood poisoning.

　　也可以通過血涂片染色檢查以檢查血液寄生蟲，如昏睡病或瘧疾病人，或檢查敗血癥病人血液中是否有細(xì)菌。

　　Red blood cell’s main function is to carry oxygen to the tissues and to transfer carbon dioxide to the lungs. This process is possible through the R.B.C. containing hemoglobin which combines easily with oxygen and carbon dioxide.

　　紅血球的主要作用是向組織輸送氧氣及將二氧化碳輸送到肺部。這一作用主要是通過血紅蛋白來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，因?yàn)樗苋菀着c氧氣和二氧化碳結(jié)合。

　　RBC Ranges

　　紅細(xì)胞范圍

　　Adult Female Range: Normal 3.9 - 5.2 mill/mcl; Optimal 4.55

　　成年女性：正常3.9-5.2×1012/L，最優(yōu)4.55；

　　Adult Male Range: Normal 4.2 - 5.6 mill/mcl; Optimal 4.9

　　成年男性：正常4.2-5.6 ×1012/L，最優(yōu)4.9

　　Higher ranges are found in Children, newborns and infants

　　兒童、新生兒及嬰兒的紅細(xì)胞值較高。