2011職稱英語考試真題-衛(wèi)生類A級(部分)

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這是2011職稱英語考試真題——衛(wèi)生類A級(部分)，供大家參考。

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance(A級)(無換題現(xiàn)象)

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.

Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical industry, and international agencies.

WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.

Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.

WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.

1. Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest? 抗菌藥物的使用之所以會不斷引起全球興趣的原因是________。

A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present. 抗菌藥物的濫用已經(jīng)引起微生物的較強(qiáng)抗藥性，目前沒有新的藥物來抵抗微生物。(正確答案)

B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers are more interested.微生物發(fā)展的比過去快，所以研究者更感興趣。

C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.對于抗麻醉劑的細(xì)菌抗生素非常昂貴，因而制藥工廠將有很大的市場。

D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，抗生素在治療過程中對于抗藥細(xì)菌有更好的效果。

2. Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases? 在《柳葉刀-傳染病》期刊上出版的文章中，________是正確的。

A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene. AMR的發(fā)行物使得科學(xué)家們對于新的人類基因產(chǎn)生警覺。

B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria.不久以后，一種新藥物將可用于抗藥細(xì)菌。

C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的藥菌種類，它對幾乎所有的抗菌藥物都具有高度抗性。(正確答案)

D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics.　AMR喚醒了科學(xué)家對于抗生素引起的傳染病的意識。

3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR? 關(guān)于AMR要采取謹(jǐn)慎和正確的方法，在文章中沒有提到。

A Those who use antibiotics.使用抗生素的那些人

B Those who sell antibiotics.賣抗生素的那些人。

C Those who produce antibiotics.生產(chǎn)抗生素的那些人。

D Those who study in universities. 在大學(xué)里做研究的那些人。(正確答案)

4. All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT下面是關(guān)于WHO向政府提出的呼吁，____________不包括在內(nèi)。

A education to the users of .antibiotics.對抗生素使用者的教育。

B control on the use of antibiotics in health facilities.保健設(shè)施中對抗生素使用的控制。

C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics抗生素銷售的新法規(guī)的出臺。

D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they can use. 限制醫(yī)院儲存過多抗菌藥物，不允許超過他們的使用數(shù)量。(正確答案)

5. What can you infer from the passage? 從文章中，你能推測出________。

A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi- drug resistant organisms. WHO只能建議政府控制并且阻止抗藥生物體的傳播。

B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics, the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control. 雖然有對抗現(xiàn)存抗菌藥物的新藥菌種類，但多重抗藥生物的傳播依然處于控制狀態(tài)。(正確答案)

C Without the support from WHO, no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.沒有WHO的支援，沒有哪個國家可以在與抗藥細(xì)菌的戰(zhàn)爭中安全。

D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011.WHO將在抗菌斗爭中不遺余力并且將在2011年為其設(shè)置特殊的一天。

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