狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo),也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
新東方在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂職稱英語輔導(dǎo)團隊根據(jù)多年輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗,將狀語從句的類別、用法、考點等歸集如下,以幫忙職稱英語考生對狀語從句來重新熟悉并達到熟練運用,達到提高成績的目的。
一、考點聚焦
1、時間狀語從句(1)as、when、while用法as表示“當(dāng)……的時候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它著重強調(diào)主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。She came up as I was cooking.(同時)The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時)
when: (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點的時候,又可表示在某一段時間內(nèi),主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。It was raining when we arrived.(指時間點)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時間內(nèi))
while意思是“當(dāng)……的時候”或“在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生,從句中的動詞一般要用延續(xù)性動詞。在when表示a period of time時,兩者可以互換。Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,這里的while意思是“趁……”)
?。?)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有:①till, not … until …, until, before, sinceDon’t get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.It will be five years before he returns from England.
②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once表示“一……就”As soon as I have finished it , I’ll give yu a call.Once you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when itbegan to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.
?、踕irectly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
④each time, every time, by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call on me.注意:表示未來情況,主句用將來時,從句用現(xiàn)在時。
2、讓步狀語從句(1)although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,不能與but連用,但可以與yet連用。 Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.(2)even if或even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“即使”,“縱然”,用來使人注意下文所強調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞,也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever、 whatever、wherever、however等。Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.Whoever breaks the law will be published.No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.(4)as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。要用倒裝。Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I won’t buy.Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
3、原因狀語從句:because, for, as, since, now that(1)表示不知道的原因時用because,即說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道,因此 because從句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.for雖然表示不知道的原因,但其語氣較because要弱得多,是可說可不說的話,它只能置于主句之后,這時,for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關(guān)系,而是對前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時,只能用for。如:It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很顯然,鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。)(2)表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時用as或since,即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯,或已為聽話人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比 as正式一些,它們通常被置于語句之前,但有時卻相反。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”(3)下列情況下只能使用because:①在回答why的問句時;②在用于強調(diào)句型時;③被not所否定時。
4、地點狀語從句:where, whereverMake a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.
5、目的狀語從句:that, so that, in order that注意:目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞連用,否則可能是結(jié)果狀語從句。不可置于句首。
6、結(jié)果狀語從句:that, so that, so … that, such … that …注意:so + 形容詞/副詞 + that從句;such + 名詞 + that從句。
7、方式狀語從句:as, as if(though)I’ll do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.
8、比較狀語從句:than, as
9、條件狀語從句:if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that. 注意if與unless的區(qū)別:不能用and連接兩個unless從句,即不能有… unless …,and unless … 。但 if … not and if … not卻不受此限。You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)但可以說 … unless you eat less and exercise more.
10、注意狀語從句中從句的省略現(xiàn)象(1)連接詞 + 過去分詞Don’t speak until spoken to.Pressure can be incrased when needed.Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.(2)連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞Look out while crossing the street.(3)連詞 + 形容詞/其他常見的有 it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ____________.
A.as last
B.in case
C.once again
D.in time解析:答案為B。句意為“帶些錢以防萬一”,只能選擇in case。引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,后面省略了I should need it。
2. The WTO can’t live up to its name _________ it doesn’t include a country that is home to one fifth of man-kind.
A.as long as
B.while
C.if
D.even though解析:答案為C。本題考查狀語從句的用法。句意為“假如世貿(mào)組織不包括占世界人口五分之一的中國的話,那它就名不副實”。as long as語氣過于強烈,while和even though不符合句意。
3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_________I could answer the phone.
A.as
B.since
C.before
D.until解析:答案為C。題意為:半夜里有人打來電話,我沒來得及就掛了。but暗示在接話前就掛了。
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