2016年公共英語三級(jí)考試經(jīng)典語法講解之it 與there be的用法

　　it 與there be的用法

　　I.要點(diǎn)

　　1、it的用法

　　(1)用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的無生命的事物，動(dòng)植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，

　　I have a new pen. It is beautiful.

　　The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.

　　(2)用來表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離等，如，It's twelve o'clock now.

　　It's fine today.

　　(3)用作引導(dǎo)詞，代替由不定式，ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語或賓語，如，

　　It's no good telling him that.

　　It's necessary for you to do so.

　　(4)用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語以外的句子其他成分，如，

　　It was this morning that I saw him in the street.

　　It was I who saw him in the street this morning.

　　It was in the street that I saw him this morning.

　　It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.

　　2、there be句型

　　英語表示某時(shí)某處或某物時(shí)，常用there be句型，這是一種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如，

　　There are a lot of students playing on the ground.

　　There is going to be a test this afternoon.

　　當(dāng)主語有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be常和最近的那個(gè)主語取得一致，如，

　　There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.

　　There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.

　　There are lots of people like it, aren't there?

　　there be句型，謂語動(dòng)詞除be之外，還可用其他表示存在，位置移動(dòng)等意義的不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，

　　There stands a house at the foot of the hill.

　　there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有"，所以there be中 be不能換成have，但當(dāng)have表示事物的特征時(shí)，可用"主語+have"結(jié)構(gòu)替換there be 句型，如：

　　There are five doors in the house.

　　The house has five doors.

　　there be 的其它句型：

　　1、There must be a meeting in the office.

　　2、There have been great changes since 1979.

　　3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.

　　I. 例題

　　例1 ____ that he went to sleep.

　　A It was until midnight B That was until midnight

　　C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight

　　解析：該題答案為C。強(qiáng)調(diào)until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要將否定詞not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.

　　例2 There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.

　　A talk B talking C talked D to talk

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。 There be句型為倒裝句，可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.