2016年公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試經(jīng)典語(yǔ)法講解之動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　I. 要點(diǎn)

　　表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。

　　1、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成

　　情景 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be要用were) should

　　+動(dòng)詞原形

　　would

　　與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had +過(guò)去分詞 should

　　+have+過(guò)去分詞

　　would

　　與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)

　　2、should +動(dòng)詞原形

　　3、were to +動(dòng)詞原形 should

　　+動(dòng)詞原形

　　would

　　注：如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could有時(shí)可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：

　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　　2、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用

　　(1) 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語(yǔ)形式是"should(可省) +動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。

　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　　(2) 在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　　(3) 在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　　(4) 在同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

　　We received order that the work be done at once.

　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"或

　　"should +動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

　　II. 例題

　　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

　　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

　　解析：該題正確答案為D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

　　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

　　A comes B came C should come D will come

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示。www.examw.com

　　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.

　　A had done B might have done C might do D would do

　　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為B。