十八、主謂一致
【中考鏈接】
—How much__________the shoes?
—Five dollars__________enough.
A. is… is
B. are… is
C. are… are
D. is… are
[答案]B
【解析】
考查主謂一致。shoes作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式;five dollars是一個整體,應(yīng)按單數(shù)對待。故選B。
【中考考點】
考查主謂一致。
【易錯提醒】
這里five dollars作主語。這是陷阱。
【知識要點】
1.語法形式上的一致。(主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式:主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。)
2.主語people, police, audience, sheep謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
3.either… or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的主語,就近原則。
4. family作主語時,如果指整體,用單數(shù);如果指每個成員,用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
His family are watching TV in the sitting room.(他家里人正在客廳看電視。)
My family is very big.(我家是一個大家庭。)
5.trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors單獨作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當它們與a pair of或pairs of連用時,謂語動詞與pair的數(shù)保持一致。
6.當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:
Tom together with his children goes to the park every Saturday.(每個星期天湯姆都和他孩子去公園。)
7. the+adj.表示一類人,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The old are going to be looked after well.(老人將被很好照顧。)
8.and連接并列主語、謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),但如果指同個人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),這時and后面的名詞無冠詞。如:
A speaker and writer is coming here tomorrow.(同一個人)(明天一位作家演講者將來這里。)
9. every, some, any, no與-one, -body, -thing合成不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
Everybody is enjoying himeself.(人人玩得高興。)
10. The number of+…,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A number of+…,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),相當于a lot of。如:
The number of the students in our class is 50.(我班學生人數(shù)是50位。)
A number of students are learning Japanese now.(現(xiàn)在許多學生正學日語。)
11.表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
One and a half bananas is left on the table.(一個半香蕉留在桌上。)
12.幾分之幾/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主語,謂語動詞由后面的名詞決定。而one of+n/pron作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
Two thirds of the bread was eaten.(三分之二面包被吃了。)
13.表示“一段時間”“一段距離”“一些錢”的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如:
Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.(對老人來說走6英里太遠了。)
Ten years was a long period of time in one's life.(十年在一個人的一生中是很長一段時間。)
Eight dollars a day is a small pay.(一天8美元是很少的工資。)
14.all, some, any, most, plenty of, quantity, none后接of+不可數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù);后接of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
All of the work has been finished.(所有工作已被完成。)
All of the men are here on time.(所有的人都準時到了。)
【解題技巧】
不少同學都記了很多語言結(jié)構(gòu)、句法搭配。但有些試題設(shè)計的陷阱非常隱蔽,這就需要我們從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手,層層推斷,明了于心。也有些考題專門違反常見搭配,這就要求考生完整把握題干,見樹木更見森林。