(一)Do型祈使句,即:動詞原形+賓語+其他成分
Listen to the teacher carefully.仔細聽老師說。
Open your book.打開書本。
Stop talking!停止討論。
1.祈使句可以加上稱呼語,可放句首或句末,用逗號隔開。
Tom ,turn off the light.湯姆,關一下燈。
Come in,boys !進來,男孩們。
2.無論祈使句是肯定還是否定,后面可以加一個簡短疑問句“will you”,使語氣變得委婉、客氣些。
Give me a hand,will you?幫一下忙,好嗎?
Turn on the radio,will you?打開收音機,好嗎?
Don't close the window,will you?不要關窗,好嗎?
3.祈使句表示請求或客氣語氣的時候,可以在句首或句尾加上please,如果please放在句末,一定在please前加逗號“,”。
Please open the door.請開門。
Open the door,please.請開門。
(二)Be型祈使句,即:Be+表語(名詞/形容詞)
Be a good boy.做個好男孩。
Be quiet,please.請安靜。
Please be careful.小心一點。
(三)Let型祈使句,即:Let+賓語(名詞/人稱代詞賓格形式me,him,her ...)+動詞原形(+其他成分)
Let Tom/Mary/the children be there before ten o'clock.
Let us/me/him/her help the old woman.
Let's go at once.
Let the boy go to school by himself.
1.Let's是Let us的縮寫,但是分別有不同意思:
Let's“讓我們一起做……”(包括說話者和聽話者)
Let us“讓我們一起做……”(不包括聽話者)
—Mum,it's a sunny day.Let's go to the park.媽媽,今天是個大晴天。讓我們一起去公園吧。(和媽媽一起去公園)
—Tom,let's have dinner together.Tom,我們一起吃晚飯吧。(邀請Tom一起吃晚飯)
— Mum,we have no homework today.Let us play football in the park.媽媽,今天我們沒有回家作業(yè)。讓我們去公園踢足球吧。(孩子們請求媽媽允許他們去公園踢足球,媽媽不去。)
— Let us prepare the birthday party for you,Mum.媽媽,讓我們幫你準備生日派對吧。
2.Let's和Let us的反義疑問句的構成:
Let's go to the Shanghai History Museum together,shall we?讓我們一起去上海歷史博物館,好嗎?
Let's go for a walk,shall we?讓我們一起散步吧,好嗎?
Let us make a model plane,will you?讓我們做一會兒模型飛機,好嗎?
Let us help you,will you?讓我們來幫助你,好嗎?
(四)Always和Never 放在句首可以起到強調作用
Always look left then right before you cross the street.過馬路前永遠先看左邊再看右邊。
Never answer the phone while driving.絕不要在開車的時候接電話。(注:never=don't,但是never的語氣比don't要強烈)
Never talk to your mother like that.永遠不要再像那樣跟你媽媽說話。
Exercises
13.1 Complete the sentences (根據(jù)句子意思和提示,用Let's提出建議)
have a rest go for a drink go and see it
go inside do another exercise ask someone for help
1.I'm thirsty.Let's ________.
2.It's very hot.Let's ________.
3.There's a good film on at the cinema.Let's ________.
4.I need more practice.Let's ________.
5.I'm tired.Let's ________.
6.We're lost.Let's ________.
13.2 Fill in the blanks (用括號內所給動詞適當形式填空)
1.Jack,____ (not be)late for school again.
2.____ (not make)any noise!The baby is sleeping.
3.No ____ (smoke)in the restaurant!
4.Let's ____ (play)games together.
5.Let me ____ (try)again.
6.Your voice is too soft.____ (read)aloud,please.
7.____ (be)quick!Or we'll be late for the train.
8.____ (not let)the baby touch the paint.
9.Please ____ (turn on)the television.
10.____ (watch)out!The bus is coming.