疑問代詞:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑問副詞:when,where,why,how
疑問形容詞:what(which,whose)+名詞
1疑問代詞的用法
1.what引導的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對主語、表語和賓語提問。
a.對主語提問
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個問題可以有兩種回答:
a:There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個蛋。
b:An egg is(in it).
一個蛋(在里面)。
What's in the room?
屋子里有什么?
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問題時,答句的單復數(shù)根據(jù)實際情況而定。
b.對賓語提問
What did you buy?你買了什么?
I bought a bike.我買了輛自行車。
c.對表語提問
What is this?這是什么?
It's a bench.這是一條長凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
注意
What is +人?此句型是問人的職業(yè),一般譯為“是干什么的?”
She is a teacher.她是個老師。
2.Who,whom,whose引導的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對主語、表語和賓語提問。
Who broke the window?(對主語提問)
誰打破了窗戶?
who可以對主語和表語提問。whom是who的賓格,對賓語提問,但在口語中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對表語提問)
那個女人是誰?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關系)
或者:She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
注意
Who is +人?是詢問某人的姓名或與人關系的問句。與What is +人?(問人的職業(yè))不同。
Whose is this umbrella?這傘是誰的?
This umbrella is my sister's.
這傘是我姐姐的。
注意
whose之后如果沒有名詞時,表示“誰的(東西)……”。
Which引導的特殊疑問句此類疑問句可以對主語和賓語提問。
Which is Tom's?(對主語提問)哪個是湯姆的?
This is his.這是他的。
Which does he want?(對賓語提問)
他想要哪一個?
He wants the green one.他想要那個綠色的。
注意
疑問詞what,who,which在句中作主語時,語序是陳述句語序。
2疑問形容詞的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名詞時,這三個疑問詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對賓語提問)
你喜歡什么運動?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對表語提問)
這些是誰的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming's.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對主語提問)
兩年前誰的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對賓語提問)
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
3疑問副詞的用法
句型:疑問副詞+一般疑問句的語序~?
(疑問副詞在句中作狀語,所以它們不可能對主語提問)
1.when引導的疑問句:詢問時間
When were you born?你何時出生?
(I was born)on June 5,1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
注意
when引起的疑問句,都可用簡略式回答,只回答出時間就可以了。
When will you go to Japan?你什么時候去日本?
(I'll go there)next year.我明年去那兒。
when問的是具體時間,所以不能和完成時連用。
(×)When have you been here?
(○)How long have you been here?
你呆在這里有多久了?
(○)When did you come here?
你什么時候來這里的?
2.where引導的疑問句:詢問地點、場所
Where do you live?你住在哪兒?
(I live in)Beijing.(可以簡略回答出地點)
我住在北京。
Where are you going?你準備去什么地方?
I am going to Japan.我準備去日本。
3.why引導的疑問句:詢問原因
它的回答只能用because引導的原因狀語從句。
Why are you late?你為什么遲到?
Because I met the accident.
因為我遇上車禍了。
Why didn't you see the movie?
=Why did you not see the movie?
你為什么不去看那部電影?
Because I had seen it before.
因為我已經(jīng)看過了。
4.how引導的疑問句:可分為兩類
a." How…?"how可單獨地置于疑問句的句首。
詢問如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及健康、天氣……
How do you go to school?(問方式)
I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽車。
How are you?(問健康)你身體怎樣?
I'm fine. Thank you!我很好。謝謝你。
How is the weather today?(問天氣)
今天天氣如何?
It's cloudy.今天多云。
表示方式、方法、手段的介詞
1.by :表示交通工具,用哪一種方式
by bus 搭公車
by train 搭火車
by bike 騎自行車
by air =by plane 乘飛機
by sea =by ship 乘船
此時,名詞前不加冠詞。
2.with :表示工具、器官……
with a pen 用筆
with a pencil 用鉛筆
with my mouth 用我的嘴
with my eyes 用我的眼睛
How did you eat ? 你怎樣吃的?
I eat with a spoon . 我用勺吃。
此時的名詞前要加冠詞或代詞。
3.in :表示方法
I say in English .
我用英語說。
其他:in ink 用墨水……
注意
How……?
How are you ?
How do you do ?
你好嗎?
How about ~?
= How about ~?
如何?
How do you like~?
=What do you think of ~?
你覺得怎樣?
b:How +形容詞(副詞)~?
詢問年齡、身高、數(shù)量、次數(shù)、距離……
How many 多少(可數(shù)名詞)How many sisters do you have?
How much 多少(不可數(shù)名詞)How much is the book?
How old 多大 (歲數(shù)) How old are you?
How tall 多高 (人,樹) How tall is that tree?
How long 多少時間 (多久)How long will you stay here?
多長 (長度) How long is the rope?
How often 多久(頻率)How often do you visit here?
How soon 多塊(時間) How soon will he be back?
How far 多遠(距離)How far is it from A to B?
How high 多高 (山) How high is Mt.Fujin?富士山有多高?