在英語(yǔ)中,不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用不同的形式來(lái)表示,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的這種不同形式稱為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。
英語(yǔ)中有8種基本時(shí)態(tài),其中4種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)應(yīng)4種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。4種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)是:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。他們對(duì)應(yīng)的4種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)是:一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式
(1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語(yǔ)由助動(dòng)詞was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成。was用于主語(yǔ)是第一人稱和第三人稱單數(shù)的句子中,were用于主語(yǔ)是第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱復(fù)數(shù)的句子中。如:
My brother was playing football with his friends at that time.那時(shí)我哥哥在和他的朋友一起踢足球。
They were doing their homework in the classroom at four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午四點(diǎn)他們?cè)诮淌易鲎鳂I(yè)。
(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句、否定句、特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)及一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ):
■一般疑問(wèn)句為:將was,were放在句子開頭,且首字母要大寫,句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。
■肯定回答為:Yes,+主語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)代詞+was或were;
■否定回答為:No,+主語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)代詞+wasn't或weren't;
■否定句為:在was,were后加not+現(xiàn)在分詞。was和were可以和not縮寫為wasn't,weren't。
■特殊疑問(wèn)句為:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+……?如:
— Were you watching TV this time yesterday?昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你在看電視嗎?(一般疑問(wèn)句)
— Yes,I was.是的。/No,I wasn't.不,我沒看。(肯定、否定回答)
— Was your mother dancing in the park at that time?那時(shí)你媽媽在公園里跳舞嗎?(一般疑問(wèn)句)
— Yes,she was.是的。/No,she wasn't.不,他沒有跳。(肯定、否定回答)
They weren't practicing playing the piano at ten last night.昨夜十點(diǎn)他們沒有在練習(xí)彈鋼琴。(否定句)
What were they doing from seven to nine yesterday morning?昨天上午七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)他們?cè)诟墒裁??(特殊疑?wèn)句)
2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與at that time當(dāng)時(shí),at five yesterday昨天五點(diǎn),then那時(shí),this time yesterday 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候,the whole morning整個(gè)上午,last night 昨晚等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
I was having dinner at 8 yesterday evening.昨晚八點(diǎn)我正在吃飯。
When you came in I was writing.你進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我正在寫東西。
While I was studying,he was asleep.我在做功課時(shí),他睡著了。
(2)表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
Tom was reading a book all morning.整個(gè)早晨湯姆都在讀書。
I was tidying my sitting room the whole morning.整個(gè)上午我一直在整理客廳。
(3)部分短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,它們的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示 “逐漸”,“越來(lái)越”,“快要”的意思。如:
When I arrived at the theatre,the play was just beginning.當(dāng)我到達(dá)戲院時(shí),戲正要開演。
The weather was getting warmer and warmer.天氣逐漸暖和起來(lái)了。
注意:
這類動(dòng)詞常見的有:get,become,turn,leave,go,begin,forget,die,finish等。
(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,forever/for ever,all the time,all the while等表連續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,表示特定的感情色彩。如:
She was always helping others when she lived here.她住這兒時(shí)總是幫助別人。(褒揚(yáng))
They were always quarrelling.他們老是吵嘴。(厭煩)
My little brother was continually asking questions.我弟弟老是問(wèn)東問(wèn)西的。(不耐煩)
(5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。如:
I was doing my homework while he was listening to music.我在做作業(yè)而他在聽音樂(lè)。
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