[初中]全新英語語法12-9 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

在英語中，不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用不同的形式來表示，謂語動(dòng)詞的這種不同形式稱為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。

英語中有8種基本時(shí)態(tài)，其中4種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，對(duì)應(yīng)4種過去時(shí)態(tài)。4種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；一般將來時(shí)態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。他們對(duì)應(yīng)的4種過去時(shí)態(tài)是：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；過去將來時(shí)態(tài)；過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

12-9 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

在含有從句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要求遵循一定的規(guī)則，既保持協(xié)調(diào)，又相互照應(yīng)。

1.主句和賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

（1）在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用所需要的任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如：

I think Tom is ill today.我認(rèn)為湯姆病了。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）

I think Tom has gone to the doctor's.我認(rèn)為湯姆已經(jīng)去看醫(yī)生了。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

I think Tom went to the doctor's yesterday.我認(rèn)為湯姆昨天去看醫(yī)生了。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句一般過去時(shí)）

（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞也要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

Mr.Smith told me that he would come to our school.史密斯先生告訴我他要來我們學(xué)校。（主句一般過去時(shí)，從句過去將來時(shí)）

Mr.Smith told me that he didn't know the news.史密斯先生告訴我他不知道那個(gè)消息。（主句一般過去時(shí)，從句一般過去時(shí)）

Mr.Smith told me that he had known the news already.史密斯先生告訴我他已經(jīng)知道那個(gè)消息了。（主句一般過去時(shí)，從句過去完成時(shí)）

注意：

如果從句敘述的是客觀真理或不可改變的事實(shí)，雖然主句用了過去時(shí)態(tài)，但從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Mr.Smith told me that children under 18 in his country cannot buy alcohol.史密斯先生告訴我在他的國家18歲以下的孩子不能買酒。

2.主句與狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

在含有時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句要用一般將來時(shí)，祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子。如：

You'll make progress if you keep working hard.如果你繼續(xù)努力你就會(huì)取得進(jìn)步。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.直到車停穩(wěn)再下車。

3.主句與定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句的時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)也決定從句的時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要確定時(shí)態(tài)，如果主句用了過去時(shí)態(tài)，定語從句一般也用過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：

This is the person I met yesterday.這就是昨天我遇見的那個(gè)人。

This is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.這就是明天要給我們作報(bào)告的那個(gè)人。

This was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.這就是第二天要給我們作報(bào)告的那個(gè)人。

【中考速遞】

1.[上海中考考題] This medicine _____ millions of people's lives since it was put into use.

A.is saving B.will save C.has saved D.had saved

2.[北京中考考題] — Where did you go last weekend？

— I _____ to the Great Wall.

A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone

3.[云南昆明中考考題] Look！A dog _____ a blind man across the road.

A.leads B.lead C.is leading D.led

4.[吉林中考考題] Steve _____ TV in the living room when his mother came in.

A.was watching B.watches C.is watching

5.[河南中考考題] Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens while you _____ it.

A.climb B.climbed C.are climbing D.have climbed

6.[山東濟(jì)南中考考題] — Does Jimmy still work as a driver？

— No.He has _____ for two years.

A.left the company B.gone to Shanghai

C.studied in college D.lost his job

7.[河北中考考題] Just go down this road and you _____ the library next to the bank.

A.see B.saw C.have seen D.will see

8.[湖北武漢中考考題] — Sorry，Tom.I can't find the book you _____ me.

— It's OK.I don't need it any more.

A.lend B.have lent C.will lend D.lent

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：C 句意：自從這款藥品投入使用以來，它挽救了許許多多人的生命。由時(shí)間狀語since it was put into use可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。

2.答案：B 句意：“你上周去哪了？”“我去長城了”由last weekend 可知句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。故選 B。

3.答案：C 句意：看！一只狗正帶領(lǐng)著一個(gè)盲人過馬路。由句首的Look可知句子用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。

4.答案：A 句意：當(dāng)媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí)，Steve正在起居室看電視。When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。

5.答案：C 句意：每個(gè)人都想到達(dá)山頂，但所有的快樂都發(fā)生于你在攀爬的過程中。while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。

6.答案：C 句意：“吉米仍然是一名司機(jī)嗎？”“不。他已經(jīng)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)兩年了?！庇蒮or two years可知用完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選C。

7.答案：D 句意：沿著這條街走，緊挨著銀行你會(huì)就看到圖書館。在“祈使句+and+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，陳述句要用將來時(shí)，故選D。

8.答案：D 句意：“真抱歉，湯姆，我找不到你借給我的那本書了?！薄皼]關(guān)系，我不再需要它了?！庇删湟饪芍?，“你借給我的那本書”是過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。

【語法專練 體驗(yàn)中考】

1.[云南考題] — Can John play soccer with us，Mrs.Black？

— One moment，please.He _____ on the phone to his cousin.

A.talks B.talked C.talking D.is talking

2.[山東濟(jì)南] Sun Hai _____ his mother make dinner when his father got home from work.

A.was helping B.helps C.helped D.is helping

3.[廣東考題] School violence（暴力）_____ much attention of the whole society and people are calling the government to make laws against it as early as possible.

A.drew B.will draw C.has drawn D.was drawing

4.[湖北武漢] — Who is that lady？

— She's Miss Green.She _____ us music，and she is so good.

A.taught B.teaches C.will teach D.is teaching

5.[呼和浩特] — I have to be off right now.

— What a pity！I _____ you could stay a little longer with us.

A.thought B.am thinking C.think D.have thought

6.[江西考題] The water _____ dark and dirty.It's no longer safe to drink.

A.become B.has become C.will become D.was become

7.[青?？碱}] — It's a great pity that the famous football player has gone to another club.

— Don't worry！They _____ another top star recently.

A.buy B.bought C.have bought

8.[黑龍江哈爾濱] — Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now？

— Certainly.In the principal's office.They _____ happily at that time.

A.are talking B.have talked C.were talking

9.[江蘇鎮(zhèn)江] The engineers _____ a new computer in our classroom the whole yesterday morning，so we had our classes in the school hall.

A.were fixing B.fixed C.have fixed D.are fixing

10.[湖北荊州] — Are you going to watch “Running Man” tonight？

— No！I _____ it with my parents only once.I don't think it's exciting.

A.see B.have seen C.will see D.am seeing

11.[遼寧沈陽] I think it is true that Jill _____ to work today because she is on a trip.

A.has come B.didn't come C.is coming D.will not come

12.[湖南張家界] — _____ you ever _____ the history museum，Paul？

— No，I haven't.

A.Do；visit B.Did；visit C.Have；visited

13.[湖北黃岡] — Where are you going，Bob？

— To go hiking.Eric _____ for me at the school gate！

A.was waiting B.waits C.waited D.is waiting

14.[江西考題] — May I speak to Mrs.Black？

— Sorry，Mum can't come to the phone now.She _____ a shower.

A.has B.had C.is having D.was having

15.[湖北黃石] Many scientists believe that robots _____ able to talk like humans in 50 years.

A.were B.are C.will be D.have been

16.[天津考題] — What a nice watch！How long _____ you _____ it？

— For just two weeks.

A.will；buy B.have；had

C.were；having D.did；buy

【答案速遞】

1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.C 16.B