[初中]全新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法15-5 賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化

用一個(gè)句子作賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子就是賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的三大考點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序和引導(dǎo)詞。

15-5 賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化

賓語(yǔ)從句在許多情況下可以簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式的形式而所表達(dá)的意思不變，這種由較復(fù)雜的賓語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句的過(guò)程稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化。賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化主要有以下幾種情況。

1.由賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式

當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.李明希望他很快回來(lái)。

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.李明希望很快回來(lái)。

We decided that we would help him.我們決定來(lái)幫助他。

→We decided to help him.我們決定幫助他。

2.由賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等動(dòng)詞，從句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.她已忘記她怎樣才能打開(kāi)窗子。

→She has forgotten how to open the window.她已忘記怎樣打開(kāi)窗子。

注意：

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell，ask，show，teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致，而且從句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句也可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？你能告訴我怎樣到達(dá)火車(chē)站嗎？

→Could you tell me how to get to the station？你能告訴我怎樣到達(dá)火車(chē)站嗎？

3.由賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為“動(dòng)詞+sb.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要），ask（要求），advise（建議）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.校長(zhǎng)命令我們馬上開(kāi)始。

→The headmaster ordered us to start at once.校長(zhǎng)命令我們馬上開(kāi)始。

4.由賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為“動(dòng)詞+介詞＋動(dòng)名詞”形式

某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。如：

He insisted that he should go with us.他堅(jiān)持與我們一起去。

→He insisted on going with us.他堅(jiān)持與我們一起去。

5.由賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)

某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.劉萍發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)錢(qián)包在地上。

→Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.劉萍發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個(gè)錢(qián)包。

6.其他賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化句型

還有一些動(dòng)詞由復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句時(shí)，其句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。如?/p>

（1）It seemed that+從句變?yōu)椋篒t seemed to do句型。如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win.看起來(lái)好像男孩子要贏。

→The boys seemed to win.男孩子似乎要贏。

（2）...find that it is+形容詞+to do sth.變?yōu)椋?..find it+形容詞+to do sth.

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。

→I found it difficult to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。

（3）...find that+系表結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)椋?..find+名詞+形容詞（作賓補(bǔ)）。如：

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.很快我們發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被厚厚的雪覆蓋。

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.很快我們發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被厚厚的雪覆蓋。

They found that the box was very heavy.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子很重。

→They found the box very heavy.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子很重。

【中考速遞】

1.[北京中考考題] — Can you tell me _____？

— He lives in Shanghai.

A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live

C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live

2.[安徽中考考題] — Look at the stone bridge！Do you know _____ it was built？

— In the 1860s.It is quite old.

A.when B.how C.where D.why

3.[甘肅蘭州中考考題] What a lovely toy race car！Could you tell me _____？

A.why did you get it B.when will you get it

C.where you got it D.how will you get it

4.[江蘇南京中考考題] — Are you going camping this afternoon？

— A typhoon is coming.I'm not sure _____ the road to the mountains will be closed.

A.which B.what C.whether D.why

5.[湖北武漢中考考題] — What did the teacher say to you？

— He asked me _____.

A.why I look unhappy then B.when did I go home last night

C.how could I solve the problem D.if I had got everything ready

6.[山東煙臺(tái)中考考題] Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _____ the sun.

A.goes around B.went around

C.is going around D.would go around

7.[廣東汕尾中考考題] I don't think the newly directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say，_____.

A.do I B.don't I C.is it D.isn't it

8.[吉林長(zhǎng)春中考考題] — Could you tell me _____ every morning？

— Sure.I have to catch the school bus.

A.why you get up early B.why do you get up early

C.why did you get up early D.why you got up early

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：A 句意：“你能告訴我馬克住哪嗎？”“他住在上海?！庇蓡?wèn)句“can you tell me”可知其后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，要用陳述語(yǔ)序；由答句“he lives”可知從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選 A。

2.答案：A 句意：“看這座石頭橋！你知道它是什么時(shí)候建造的嗎？”“在19世紀(jì)60年代，它非常古老。”由答語(yǔ)可知上句問(wèn)的是時(shí)間，用when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。故選A。

3.答案：C 句意：多漂亮的玩具賽車(chē)啊！你可以告訴我你在哪里買(mǎi)的嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，故選C。

4.答案：C 句意：“今天下午，你將去野營(yíng)嗎？”“臺(tái)風(fēng)就要來(lái)了。我不能確定通往山里的道路是否關(guān)閉?！庇删渲械摹安荒艽_定”可知，賓語(yǔ)從句為“是否關(guān)閉”。故選C。

5.答案：D 句意：“老師對(duì)你說(shuō)了些什么？”“他問(wèn)我我是否準(zhǔn)備好了一切?！辟e語(yǔ)從句疑問(wèn)句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；由主句asked可知，主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)，故選D。

6.答案：A 句意：昨天老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。在賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句如果描述的是客觀真理，那么不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選A。

7.答案：C 根據(jù)句意“我認(rèn)為由趙薇導(dǎo)演的新電影并沒(méi)有如人們說(shuō)的一樣有趣？” think后接賓語(yǔ)從句，反意疑問(wèn)句中的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句與賓語(yǔ)從句一致；否定式與主句一致，用肯定式。故選C。

8.答案：A 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，排除B、C；Could you tell ...？是一種委婉的表達(dá)法，從every morning及答語(yǔ)知，談話雙方說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情，賓語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。

【語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練 體驗(yàn)中考】

1.[重慶考題] — Do you know _____？

— Let me see.I remember it was on March 18th .

A.why did they move here B.why they moved here

C.when did they move here D.when they moved here

2.[山東臨沂] — Excuse me，do you know _____ yesterday？

— Sure.It closed at 6：00 p.m.yesterday.

A.when the bookstore closes B.when does the bookstore close

C.when the bookstore closed D.when did the bookstore close

3.[江蘇無(wú)錫] — Father's Day is coming.Shall we make a card for Dad？

— Good idea！But would you please show me _____ as I know little about DIY？

A.why B.when C.how D.where

4.[四川攀枝花] Could you tell me _____ the beautiful mobile phone？I want to buy one，too.

A.when did you buy B.when you bought

C.where you bought D.where did you buy

5.[天津考題] — Could you tell me _____ you'll go to Paris？

— Next month.

A.why B.where C.when D.how

6.[湖南衡陽(yáng)]My neighbor asked me _____ I heard the big noise last night or not.

A.whether B.if C.what

7.[湖北黃岡] — I haven't seen your English teacher for a week.Where is he？

— Sorry，I don't know _____.

A.where has he been B.where he has been

C.where has he gone D.where he has gone

8.[廣東考題] — I wonder _____.

— It will fall on a Saturday.

A.how will National Day fall on this year

B.how National Day will fall on this year

C.what day will National Day fall on this year

D.what day National Day will fall on this year

9.[湖北恩施] — The movie star，Zhao Yazhi，looks so young.

— So she does.I can't really tell _____ .

A.how old is she B.how old she is

C.how is she old

10.[山東濟(jì)南] — Li Mei，do you know _____？

— Well，she likes The Voice of China .

A.what TV show does your English teacher like

B.what TV show your English teacher likes

C.what TV show did your English teacher like

D.what TV show your English teacher liked

11.[河南考題] — What did Tom say to you just now，John？

— He asked _____.

A.why I am so happy today

B.what will I do for the weekend

C.who did I play football with after school

D.if I could go to the movie with him tonight

12.[青?？碱}] — Could you tell me _____ yesterday？

— Because it rained heavily.

A.why you arrived late B.why did you arrive late

C.why you didn't arrive late

13.[海南考題] They solved the problem in the end.Yet I really don't know _____.

A.how did they make it B.how they made it

C.why did they make it

14.[云南考題] — Do you know _____？

— Yes.They're from New York.

A.what do the tourists do B.where the tourists are from

C.what the tourists do D.where are the tourists from

15.[云南昆明] — I am worried about _____.

— Whatever the result is，don't be too hard on yourself.

A.how have I prepared for my final exams

B.if I can get great grades in the final exams

C.that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D.why did my school team lose the game

【答案速遞】

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B