[初中]全新英語語法20-7 其他特殊情況的主謂一致

主謂一致指謂語動(dòng)詞必須在人稱和數(shù)與句子的主語保持一致。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)中，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，be要用is，have要用has，其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要在詞尾加-s或-es，被稱之為謂語的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

英語中的主謂一致主要有三個(gè)原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

20-7 其他特殊情況的主謂一致

1.算式中的數(shù)詞作主語

在算式里，主語是數(shù)詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

Three and five is eight.三加五等于八。

Twelve divided by six is two.十二除以六等于二。

2.“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語

“the+形容詞”表示一類人，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the+形容詞”表示抽象概念作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich.過去，窮人常被富人瞧不起。

The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.傷員在醫(yī)院受到了很好的照護(hù)。

The decayed has been thrown away.腐爛的東西已經(jīng)被扔掉了。

3.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語

分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：

One fifth of the students have seen the film.五分之一的學(xué)生看過這部電影。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。

About thirty percent of the students were absent that day.那天大約有30%的學(xué)生缺席。

Sixty percent of the land in this town is covered with trees and grass.這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)中百分之六十的土地被樹木和草覆蓋著。

【中考速遞】

1.[上海中考考題] The twins _____ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.

A.be B.am C.is D.are

2.[湖南永州中考考題] Neither Li Hua nor I _____ good at writing.

A.am B.is C.are

3.[黑龍江哈爾濱中考考題] Doing eye exercises _____ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.

A.is B.are C.were

4.[青海中考考題] Not only I but also my parents _____ looking forward to seeing you！We can't wait.

A.am B.are C.were

5.[湖南郴州中考考題] — Look！A woman with three children _____ crossing the street.

— Let's help them.

A.is B.are C.was

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：D 句意：那對(duì)雙胞胎喜歡雜志文章中的新觀點(diǎn)。考查be動(dòng)詞的用法。the twins為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故選D。

2.答案：A 句意：李華和我都不擅長(zhǎng)寫作。Neither ...nor ...連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的主語保持一致。故選A。

3.答案：A 句意：做眼保健操是保護(hù)我們眼睛的有效方法之一。動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選A。

4.答案：B 句意：不但我而且我的父母正盼望著能見到你。我們等不及了。not only ...but also ...連接兩個(gè)成分作主語時(shí)遵循就近原則。故選B。

5.答案：A 句意：“看！一個(gè)帶著三個(gè)孩子的婦女在過街。”“讓我們幫幫她們吧。” with是介詞，謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)with前的名詞確定單復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。

【語法專練 體驗(yàn)中考】

1.[甘肅蘭州] My sister with my parents _____ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.

A.are making B.is making

C.was making D.were making

2.[湖北荊州] The number of the volunteer in our city _____ 2，000.And sixty percent of them _____ teachers and students.

A.is；is B.is；are C.are；is D.are；are

3.[湖南張家界] Playing computer games too much _____ bad for students' health.

A.am B.is C.are

4.[吉林長(zhǎng)春] There _____ two dictionaries on the bookcase.You can use either of them.

A.is B.was

C.are D.were

5.[黑龍江齊齊哈爾] The pair of trousers _____ me.I will take it.

A.fit B.fits C.will fit

6.[貴州安順] — What would you like to have for supper，Jack？

— Either noodles or rice _____ OK.I don't mind.

A.are B.were

C.is D.was

7.[黑龍江綏化] There _____ a pencil and some pens in the box.

A.is B.are C.aren't

8.[湖南常德] Fifty yuan _____ enough.

A.is B.am C.are

9.[湖北孝感] Both Kate and I _____ ready for the new high school life.

A.am B.is C.are D.be

10.[黑龍江龍東] About _____ of the land _____ covered with trees and grass.

A.three fifths；is B.three fifths；are

C.three fifth；are

11.[湖南邵陽] One of my friends _____ moved to America.I miss her so much.

A.has B.have C.are

12.[四川巴中] In our city there _____ a number of cars and the number of them _____ growing larger and larger.

A.are；is B.have；is C.is；are

13.[四川樂山] Don't worry.There _____ enough water，vegetables and fruits in the fridge.

A.have B.are C.is

14.[四川自貢] Everybody except Mike and Linda _____ there when the meeting began.

A.are B.was C.were

15.[山東煙臺(tái)] There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.

A.has，is B.have，are C.are，is D.is，are

【答案速遞】

1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.C