1. He is the last person to do such a thing. 他決不會干這種事。
She is the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.
她是我在宴席上最不愿意與之相鄰就座的女子。
That's the last thing I should expect him to do. 那是我最不可能指望他去做的事情。
注:“ the last + 名詞 + 不定式或定語從句”中的 last 作“ least likely / suitable/ willing/ desirable ”解,即常常將 last 譯為“最不可能的;最不合適的;最不愿意的;最不希望的”,而不作“最后的”解。
2. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. (= We cannot estimate the value of modern science much enough. = It is impossible to estimate the value of modern science too much/ much enough.) 無論怎么重視現(xiàn)代科學的價值都不為過分。
We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. (= We cannot be careful enough in doing experiments.) 我們做實驗時無論怎樣小心都不過分。
注:“ cannot/ could not…… too + 形容詞或副詞 = cannot/ could not…… + 形容詞或副詞 + enough ”。我們不能把第 1 句理解成:“我們不能過分估算現(xiàn)代科學的價值。”也不能把第 2 句理解成:“我們做實驗時不能太小心。”
3. It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 無論怎樣聰明的人也難免要犯錯誤。
It is a long lane that has no turning. 無論怎樣長的巷子也有彎。
注:這個句子含有比較儲蓄的讓步意味。我們不能把第 1 句理解成:“從不犯錯誤的人是一個聰明的人。”也不能把第 2 句理解成:“那是一個沒彎的長巷。”
4. If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not break my word.
使太陽從西方出來,我也不會背棄我的諾言。
Were the danger even greater (= Even if the danger were greater), I should feel compelled to go. 即使危險再大,我也覺得非去不可。
注:從形式上看上面句子中的從句像是條件狀語從句,但實際上卻是讓步狀語從句,因為其中的主句和從句在意義上形成鮮明的對照。若句子含條件狀語從句,則從句表示的是條件,主句表示的是結果。下面句子中的從句就是條件狀語從句:
If the sun were to rise in the west, I would break my word.
如果太陽從西方出來,我就會背棄我的諾言。
Were the danger even greater, I should not go. 如果危險再大一些,我就不去了。
5. A mountain is not famous because it is high. 山出名不在高。
I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不會來。
Mary did not leave the office in order to meet Tom. 瑪莉離開辦公室為的是不見湯姆。
注:上面這三句話中都包含一個被轉移的否定詞 not .因此不能把第 1 句理解成:“山不出名是因為高。”也很少將第 2 句轉換成:“ I believe that he will not come tomorrow. ”第 3 句可以轉換成:“ Mary left the office in order not to meet Tom. ”也可以將其理解成:“瑪莉沒離開辦公室是為了見到湯姆”。為了避免產生上述歧義,我們最好說:“ It was in order to meet Tom that Mary did not leave the office. ”(瑪莉沒離開辦公室是為了見到湯姆。)和“ It was in order not to meet Tom that Mary left the office. ”(瑪莉離開辦公室為的是不見湯姆。)
6. Who in the world (on earth) told you that? 那事到底是誰告訴你的?
注:這里的 in the world (on earth) 是用來加強語氣,意思是“到底”,“究竟”,而不是“在世界上”。
7. He is too ready to talk 他愛說話。
Men are too apt to forget. 人們往往健忘。
We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我們和工人們一起勞動,太高興了。
They are but too glad to do so. 他們非常喜歡這么做。
注:若 too 后面跟 ready, apt, likely 等形容詞,或 only too, but too, all too 和 not too 后面跟一個形容詞或副詞,則后面的不定式沒有否定意義。
8. No man is so old but he may learn. (= No man is too old to learn.)
沒有人因為太老而不能學(活到老學到老)。
I never go past my old school but I think (= without thinking)of Mr Wilkins, the headmaster.
每當我走過我的母校時,都想起校長威爾金斯先生。
注:這里的 but 是從屬連詞,本身有否定含義,而不能被理解成“可是”。