情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考查熱點(diǎn)透視(3)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)追蹤

近幾年高考試題側(cè)重對(duì)動(dòng)詞各種用法的考查，其中又以考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為重中之重。為了幫助同學(xué)們備考，以近幾年高考題為例，對(duì)高考?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)的概念及考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析歸納。

一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查

1)考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)同學(xué)們進(jìn)行干擾。如：

1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ________ the Pacific, and we met no storm. (2005年遼寧卷)

A. was called B. is called

C. had been called

D. has been called

(劃線的為答案，以下同)

2. Although he has lived with us for years, he ___ us much impression. (2004年上海春季卷)

A. hadn’t left

B. didn’t leave

C. doesn’t leave

D. hasn’t left

2)考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

3. — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?

— We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. (2005年全國(guó)卷)

A. rain B. rains

C. will rain D. is raining

二、對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考查

一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過(guò)去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒(méi)有說(shuō)明過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。如：

4. More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海卷)

A. sent

B. were sent

C. had sent

D. had been sent

三、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為“am\is\are+being+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

5. — What’s the terrible noise?

— The neighbours ____ for a party. (2004年北京卷)

A. have prepared

B. are preparing

C. prepare

D. will prepare

注①表示感覺(jué)、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

②進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often, forever, constantly等連用，表示一種感情(如贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等)。

③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別是：前者表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性而后者表示動(dòng)作的長(zhǎng)期性。

四、對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查

1)把過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中考查。如果主句謂語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表達(dá)談話背景;動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)新的信息。

6. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.

—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004年福建卷)

A. was waiting

B. had waited

C. am waiting

D. have waited

2)把過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在某特定的語(yǔ)境中考查。

7. —Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. (2004年全國(guó)卷)

A. did B. has done

C. was doing D. had done

3)考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較。

8. Shirely ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written

D. was writing

五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查

1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不僅表示動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005年湖北卷)

A. were deciding

B. have decided

C. decided

D. will decide

10. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005年重慶卷)

A. has been caused

B. had been caused

C. will be caused

D. will have been caused

2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與for或since 等短語(yǔ)連用。如：

11. —The window is dirty.

— I know. It ________ for weeks. (2004年全國(guó)卷)

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

注：由終止性動(dòng)詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但這些終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與for或since短語(yǔ)連用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.

3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。如：

12. —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put

B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; put

六、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have / has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去。它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下：

1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作剛停止或仍在繼續(xù)。如：

I have written an article. (已完成)

I have been writing an article. (還在寫(xiě))

2)有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。如：

I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.

另外注意的是：表短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(finish, marry, get up, come, go等)一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

13. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004年北京卷)

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

七、對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查

過(guò)去完成時(shí)，經(jīng)常以“過(guò)去”為背景，要想表達(dá)比這一背景更早的動(dòng)作，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。如：

14. — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? (2004年湖北卷)

A. was not invited

B. have not been invited

C. hadn’t been invited

D. didn’t invite

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)有：

1)把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中考查。如：

15. When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.(2005年湖北卷)

A. started; had already hidden

B. had started; had already hidden

C. had started; was hiding

D. was starting; hid

2) 把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在by + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或by the time + 從句的句子里考查。如：

16. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. (2003年上海春)

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. hasn’t been completed

D. had been completed

3)把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在scarcely (hardly)…when…和no sooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)中考查。

17. He____ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.

A. has no sooner got

B. no sooner got

C. will no sooner get

D. had no sooner got

4)把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在主句是過(guò)去式的賓語(yǔ)從句中考查。如：

18. —Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.

—Oh! I thought they ___ without me. (2005年江西卷)

A. went B. are going

C. have gone D. had gone

5)表愿望的動(dòng)詞think, hope, want, mean 等動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或意圖。如：

19. Tom ____ of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.

A. has thought B. thought

C. had thought

D. had been thought

6)把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在某些固定句式中考查。如：“It was + 時(shí)間段 + since引導(dǎo)的從句”和“It was the first time + 從句”等.

20. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I____ a good drink.

A. had enjoyed

B. was enjoying

C. enjoyed

D. had been enjoyed

八、對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的考查

一般將來(lái)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式有be going to+動(dòng)詞原形;will / shall+ 動(dòng)詞原形; be to + 動(dòng)詞原形所在的句中一般有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);但be about to do不可與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)如下：

1)把將來(lái)時(shí)放在祈使句中考查。由于祈使句具有假設(shè)條件意義，后一分句在這一條件下要產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，所以要用將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

21. Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. (2004年全國(guó)卷)

A. will never reach

B. have never reached

C. never reach

D. never reached

2)某些移動(dòng)性動(dòng)詞或趨向動(dòng)詞如leave, start, go ,arrive, come, stay，finish等用進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)意義。如：

22. —Are you still busy?

—Yes, I ____ my work, and it won’t take long. (2005年浙江卷)

A. just finish

B. am just finishing

C. have just finished

D. am just going to finish

3)考查“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will + 動(dòng)詞原形”的區(qū)別：前者表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，而后者表示“臨時(shí)決定去做某事”。如：

23. — Did you tell Julia about the result?

—Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ her now. (2005年全國(guó)卷)

A. will be calling

B. will call

C. am going to call

D. am to call

4)考查“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”可表示有某跡象表明必然或很可能發(fā)生的事情。如：

24. Look at these clouds.

______.

A. It’ll rain

B. It’s going to rain

C. It’ll be raining

D. It is to rain

5)考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，表示將來(lái)一段具體時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

25. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (2003年北京卷)

A. we’re going to fly

B. we’ll be flying

C. we’ll fly

D. we’re to fly

6)考查將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法，指將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已完成的動(dòng)作，用于將來(lái)完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如下：

by the time+從句;by the end of + 將來(lái)時(shí)間的名詞;by+將來(lái)時(shí)間名詞等。

26. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting. (2005年天津卷)

A. will leave B. leaves

C. will have left D. left