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[高中]全新語法:動詞的形式和時態(tài)分類 動詞的形式

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2021年11月24日

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一、動詞的形式

1.第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則

2.現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則

3.過去分詞的變化規(guī)則

4.動詞的不規(guī)則變化

(1)A—A—A型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞同形)

動詞原形  過去式  過去分詞

cost    cost   cost

cut     cut    cut

hit     hit    hit

let     let    let

put     put    put

read    read   read

hurt    hurt   hurt

(2)A—A—B型(現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形)

動詞原形  過去式  過去分詞

beat    beat   beaten

(3)A—B—A型(現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形)

動詞原形  過去式  過去分詞

come    came   come

become   became  become

run ran run

(4)A—B—B型(過去式和過去分詞同形)

①在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。

動詞原形   過去式   過去分詞

burn   burnt    burnt

learn   earned/learnt learned/learnt

mean   meant     meant

hear   heard     heard

②把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為“t” 構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。

動詞原形   過去式   過去分詞

build     built    built

lend     lent    lent

send     sent    sent

spend     spent    spent

③其他

動詞原形    過去式    過去分詞

pay       paid     paid

lay       laid     laid

say       said     said

bring      brought    brought

buy       bought    bought

think      thought    thought

sleep      slept     slept

keep      kept     kept

sweep      swept     swept

stand      stood     stood

understand   understood  understood

win       won      won

shine      shone/shined shone/shined

catch      caught    caught

teach      taught    taught

feel      felt     felt

fight      fought    fought

find      found     found

get       got      got/gotten

hang      hanged/hung  hanged/hung

have      had      had

hold      held     held

leave      left     left

make      made     made

meet      met      met

sell      sold     sold

shoot      shot     shot

tell      told     told

smell      smelt/smelled smelt/smelled

sit       sat      sat

dig       dug      dug

5.A—B—C型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同)

①在動詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。

動詞原形     過去式    過去分詞

eat        ate      eaten

fall        fell      fallen

give        gave      given

take        took      taken

see        saw      seen

write       wrote     written

ride        rode      ridden

drive       drove     driven

throw       threw     thrown

blow        blew      blown

grow        grew      grown

know        knew      known

draw        drew      drawn

show        showed     shown

②過去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。

動詞原形     過去式    過去分詞

speak       spoke     spoken

break       broke     broken

wake        waked/woke   waked/woken

choose       chose     chosen

forget       forgot     forgotten

③變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”(過去式)和“u”(過去分詞)。

動詞原形     過去式     過去分詞

begin       began      begun

ring       rang       rung

sing       sang       sung

sink       sank       sunk

swim       swam       swum

drink       drank      drunk

④其他不規(guī)則動詞的變化。

動詞原形     過去式     過去分詞

be(am,is)    was/were    been

be(are)      were      been

do         did       done

go         went      gone

lie         lay       lain

wear        wore      worn


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