[高中]全新語(yǔ)法:關(guān)系詞的用法 三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句式

（1）when 分解為in/at/on which。

I still remember the day on which I first met Jennifer.

我仍然記得第一次見到詹妮弗的那一天。（when=on which）

It was a time at which the Chinese struggled for freedom.

那是一段中國(guó)人為自由而斗爭(zhēng)的日子。（when=at which）

Next month in which you’ll spend your holidays in your hometown，is coming.

下個(gè)月即將來(lái)臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度假。（when=in which）

（2）where 分解為in/on/at which。

She is going to settle in Macao in which she has some close friends.

她要到澳門去定居，在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。（where=in which）

This is the office at/in which I used to work.

這就是我過(guò)去工作過(guò)的辦公室。（where=at/in which）

There is a wall on which hangs a picture.

有一面墻，墻上有一幅畫。（where=on which）

（3）why 分解為for which。

I don’t know the reason for which he came so late.

我不知道他來(lái)得那么晚的原因。（why=for which）

I’d like you to explain the reason for which you were absent.

我想讓你解釋一下你沒來(lái)的原因。（why=for which）

（4）way作先行詞，意為“方式”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞是“that/in which或省略”。

This is the way （that）my father did this work.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。

She admired the way （in which）I answered the questions.她欽佩我回答問題的方式。

I don’t like the way he looked at me.我不喜歡他看我的樣子。（省略關(guān)系詞）

（5）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”其他句式

Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat？

你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰(shuí)買的嗎？

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.殺死羊的那只狼被打死了。

【提示】 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞后只能用“which/whom”。

2.“表示部分的詞語(yǔ)+of+關(guān)系代詞”句式

（1）不定代詞+of whom/which

China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.

中國(guó)有許多島嶼，其中之一是臺(tái)灣島。

There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.

這里有許多學(xué)生，他們之中無(wú)人喜歡這部電影。

My favorite writer is Mo Yan，some of whose novels have a surprising ending.

我最喜歡的作家是莫言，他的一些小說(shuō)結(jié)尾出奇。

Mary has three brothers，all of whom are doctors.瑪麗有三個(gè)哥哥，全是醫(yī)生。

（2）基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of whom/which

He has three sons，two of whom are teachers.他有三個(gè)兒子，其中兩個(gè)當(dāng)教師。

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80% of which are sold abroad.這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬(wàn)雙鞋子，其中80%銷往國(guó)外。

（3）名詞+of whom/which

He mentioned a book，the title of which I’ve forgotten.他提到一本書，書名我忘了。

Yesterday Mr Li finally bought his own house，to the east of which is a hospital.

昨天李先生最終買了房子，房子的東邊是一家醫(yī)院。

（4）the+最高級(jí)/比較級(jí)+of whom/which

There are two buildings，the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.

有兩座大樓，大的那座差不多有一百英尺高。

There are three girls in the room，the tallest of whom is Tom’s sister.

房間里有三個(gè)姑娘，最高的那個(gè)是湯姆的妹妹。

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句式中介詞的確定

（1）根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.

這不是老師在班上談?wù)摰哪潜緯＃ǜ鶕?jù)speak of 確定介詞of）

The two things of which they felt proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

令他們自豪的兩件物品是吉姆的金表和黛拉的頭發(fā)。（根據(jù)feel proud of 確定介詞of）

（2）根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him.

我永遠(yuǎn)記得第一次遇見他的那一天。（根據(jù)day“在某一天”確定介詞on）

The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.

孩子指著他要跑去的方向。（根據(jù)direction“朝……方向”確定介詞in）

（3）根據(jù)句意表達(dá)的關(guān)系選擇。

This is the book from which I got the story.

這就是那本書，從中我讀到這個(gè)故事。（根據(jù)句意“從……”確定介詞 from）

This I did at nine o’clock，after which I sat reading the paper.

九點(diǎn)鐘我做這事，之后坐著看報(bào)。（根據(jù)句意“在……之后”確定介詞 after）

Oxygen without which we cannot live is a colourless gas.

氧氣，一種無(wú)色的氣體，離了它我們不能活。（根據(jù)句意“若沒有氧氣”確定介詞without）