1.句子的謂語動詞中含有be時,后加not構成否定
This quality isn’t inborn.這種品質不是天生的。
The shoes aren’t comfortable.這雙鞋穿起來不舒服。
The desk isn’t made of wood.這張書桌不是木頭做的。
2.have表示“有”
(1)have后加not構成否定
She hasn’t many French books.她沒有多少法語書。
We haven’t enough food and water.我們沒有足夠的食物和水。
【提示】 haven’t不能接名詞,名詞前需加a,any,many,much等詞。
I have not any money on me.我身上沒有錢。
He had a book in his bag.他書包里有本書。
(2)借助于助動詞構成否定
She doesn’t have many French books.她沒有多少法語書。
We don’t have enough food and water.我們沒有足夠的食物和水。
He didn’t have anything in his pocket.他口袋里一無所有。
3.情態(tài)動詞或助動詞后加not構成否定
I can’t wait any more.我不能再等了。
I haven’t received his reply.我還沒收到他的答復。
I guess they won’t accept it.我猜他們不會接受它。
4.謂語動詞為實義動詞時,應借助于助動詞do的適當形式加not來構成否定
I don’t know her telephone number.我不知道她的電話號碼。
She doesn’t look her age.她看上去比實際年齡要年輕。
Tom didn’t realize he was surrounded by crocodiles.湯姆沒有意識到自己被鱷魚包圍了。
5.“否定副詞never,seldom,hardly,rarely,nowhere+謂語動詞”構成否定
I could hardly hear him.我?guī)缀趼牪灰娝穆曇簟?/p>
She never said a word the whole morning.她整整一上午沒有說一句話。
She seldom showed her feeling.她不常表露自己的情感。
He rarely,if ever,goes out.他很少外出。
You can nowhere else find such a beautiful sunset.
你在別的地方見不到如此美麗的日落。
6.nobody,nothing,none,no one作主語或賓語時構成否定
Nothing has been done on this matter.在這件事上沒有作為。
No one cares about this.沒人在乎這件事。
None of us can speak French.我們都不會講法語。
He said nothing at the meeting.會上他一言未發(fā)。
7.“no+名詞”構成否定
(1)否定語氣很強,意為“決不是……”。
The girl was no beauty.這姑娘才不漂亮哩。
He is no friend of mine.他才不是我的朋友哩。
He is no statesman.他絕非政治家。
Between you and me,it’s no bad thing.就你我知道,這并不是件壞事。
(2)no接名詞時,相當于not a或not any。
He has no book in his schoolbag.他書包里沒有書。
He has not a book in his schoolbag.
I have no money on me.我身上沒有錢。
I have not any money.