專八閱讀理解精讀訓(xùn)練附答案和解析 第4篇:Preface

　　精讀原文：

　　Preface

　　Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since ittouches almost every facet of our life, educatedpeople need at least some acquaintance with itsstructure and operation. They should also have anunderstanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. Anunderstanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts iseasier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate thescientist.

　　This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with scienceis superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse ofdried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production ofgadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book canbe used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts togive an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course一simply to providea better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broaderperspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientistsare, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationshipbetween science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in ourculture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific viewsand some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

　　We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientificcommunity and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come tocomprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture isnot an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society asmore women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. Indiscussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that isimplicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals.To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronounswhenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is farform being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language intreating half of the human race equally.

　　We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach isusually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn' t take ourselves tooseriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as agrim and dreary way to earn a living.

　　【閱讀練習(xí)題】

　　1.According to the passage,'scientific subculture'means

　　[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

　　[B]people whose knowledge of science is very limited.

　　[C] the scientific community.

　　[D] people who make good contribution to science.

　　2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because

　　[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

　　[B]Science affects almost every aspect of our life.

　　[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.

　　[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

　　3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who

　　[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

　　[B]are good at producing various gadgets.

　　[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.

　　[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.

　　4.According to this passage,

　　[A] English is a sexist language.

　　[B]only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

　　[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.

　　[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

　　5.This passage most probably is

　　[A] a book review.

　　[B]the preface of a book.

　　[C] the postscript of a book.

　　[D] the concluding part of a book.

　　【答案詳解】

　　1.C科學(xué)社區(qū)。答案在第一段第二句，人們也該了解科學(xué)家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人。第三段又講到，有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)的畫面以及婦女對科學(xué)亞文化的貢獻(xiàn)。可見科學(xué)社區(qū)即亞文化。A.科學(xué)家所組成種種文化群體。B.科學(xué)知識(shí)有限的一些人。C.對科學(xué)作出很大貢獻(xiàn)的人。

　　2.B因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)兒乎影響到我們生活的各個(gè)方面。文章開綜明旨點(diǎn)出:科學(xué)是我們文化中的重要主題，由于它兒乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面，有知識(shí)的人至少需要熟悉一些結(jié)構(gòu)和作用。

　　3.A.了解激發(fā)和挫傷科學(xué)家的事情可不太容易。(比較難)C.科學(xué)家生活在特定的亞文化群中。D.了解科學(xué)的一般特性比較容易。A不太了解科學(xué)的大學(xué)生或門外漢。第二段首句就點(diǎn)出了這本書為對科學(xué)一知半解的大學(xué)生和門外漢所寫，為某些人，一直把科學(xué)看作干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人;為那種把科學(xué)的主要目的視為生產(chǎn)小配件的人;為那些把科學(xué)視為某種魔術(shù)的人而寫。這說明主要為A項(xiàng)人所寫，對科學(xué)了解不多的大學(xué)生和普通人。

　　B.善于生產(chǎn)各種小配件。C.在干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的石屋中工作。D.相對科學(xué)有膚淺了解的人。

　　4.D不應(yīng)當(dāng)用陽性的名詞和代詞去指科學(xué)家。第三段集中講了這本書提供精確而又現(xiàn)代的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)(社會(huì))和居住在其中的人的畫卷。近年來，越來越多的婦女包括進(jìn)來，原因是許多婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上為男人統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)域，并作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，所以婦女在科學(xué)亞文化群中的增多并不是罕見的偶然事件，而是社會(huì)各部門明顯趨勢的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們面臨著隱含性別歧視的語言一一用陽性名詞和代詞來指未指定人物，為了消除這種偏頗，我們在可能和必要時(shí)采用了復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞來取代他或她。

　　A.英語是一種性別語言。B.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中，婦女的作用增長很快。C.婦女在曉民我們語言中的不適當(dāng)性作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)此題注釋說明這三項(xiàng)都不對。英語不能說成是有性別的語言，其中雖有些詞性表示男性或女性。文內(nèi)明確指科學(xué)界婦女增多是整個(gè)社會(huì)的趨勢的組成部分。由于婦女在科學(xué)界的貢獻(xiàn)，所以不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學(xué)界，并不是在消滅語言……

　　5.B書的前言，見文章大意。

　　A.書的評論。C.書跋、書的附錄。D.書的結(jié)論部分。