托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)題的定義

　　托福聽力考試題目類型中，細(xì)節(jié)題也是考試的重要題型。因此我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)備考中，也需要重點(diǎn)來備考這部分的內(nèi)容。今天我們就重點(diǎn)來講解一些托福細(xì)節(jié)題的定義。。

　　首先我們來了解一下托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)題正確答案的特點(diǎn)，一般來說包括以下四點(diǎn)：

　　synonym同義詞替換

　　paraphrase句子改寫

　　consistent和主旨內(nèi)容保持一致

　　objective科學(xué)客觀

　　而相對(duì)應(yīng)的干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)一般是：exactly the same 有若干詞和原文一樣，但整體句意不同、inconsistent 和主旨內(nèi)容差別太大、incongruous 信息不同步、subjective主觀極端。

　　把握住正確選項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)的大致特征對(duì)我們正確解題會(huì)大有裨益。接下來我們需要了解一下托福聽力官方對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的限定：

　　-important – directly or indirectly related to the main ideas-providing elaboration, examples and support-sometimes related to a long digression

　　我們通過官方這個(gè)定義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，托福聽力材料中細(xì)節(jié)的作用是展開和支持，它的意義是依附于上下文語(yǔ)境存在的，或是對(duì)概念的解釋和說明，或是具體事例的補(bǔ)充，如：effects：產(chǎn)生了影響-- 具體影響的方面definition：給了個(gè)定義 -- 具體的例子和特征consequence：導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果 -- 具體的結(jié)果problem：存在的問題 -- 具體的問題

　　一般而言，托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)題的處理有三大步驟：抓住主旨;確定細(xì)節(jié)出現(xiàn)的位置;理解細(xì)節(jié)前后的信息。聽的過程中，我們思考和記錄的不是具體數(shù)字是多少，地點(diǎn)在哪里，或者人名的拼寫，而是思考教授舉例想要說明什么，例子前后的分析都是什么。

　　下面我們來看幾道例題。

　　1. For what activity does the student consider requesting funding?

　　A. designing a club web site

　　B. reserving audio-visual equipment

　　C. Sponsoring a guest speaker

　　D. setting up a campus e-mail account

　　原文回顧：

　　Employee：And you could be eligible for funding for club event.

　　Students：Well, we are definitely interested in hiring a professional speaker at one of our campus events at some point in the semester. And speakers almost always charge a fee.

　　因此這道題的答案是C。

　　2.L1 Q3 in the dolphin study，how did the researcher make the dolphin's task increasingly difficult?

　　A.by showing the dolphin two patterns that were similar in density

　　B.by playing two sounds that became progressively closer in pitch

　　C.by producing sounds that were just within the dolphins' range of hearing

　　D.by introducing a third paddle that ended on trial an began a new one

　　原文回顧：

　　…The task varied in difficulty according to the pitch of the second tone. The closer it came in pitch to the first one, the harder it became for the dolphin to correctly identify it as low.…

　　因此，這道題的答案是B。

　　3.L1Q4 According to the professor， what objections did some researchers raise with regard to the dolphin study?

　　A. the study did not distinguish between learned and higher-level responses

　　B. the dolphin was not rewarded consistently for pressing the third paddle

　　C. Only one dolphin was used in the experiment

　　D. The results could not be replicated in a later study

　　原文回顧：The researcher took that as an indication that the animal wanted to pass because it didn't know the answer and knew it didn't know. But there was a problem. Other researchers protested that the... the opt-out response was simply a learned or conditioned response.

　　因此，這道題的答案是A。

　　托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)題的備考重在練習(xí)與反思，大家要注意結(jié)合我們分享的解題步驟、正確選項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)的特征進(jìn)行充分練習(xí)，最大化利用托福聽力真題資源實(shí)現(xiàn)托福聽力能力與分?jǐn)?shù)的同步提升。