托福聽(tīng)力里的“時(shí)間”還可以這樣出題

      眾所周知，托福聽(tīng)力不考具體的時(shí)間數(shù)字，但是有一種時(shí)間出現(xiàn)方式卻是高頻的出題點(diǎn)：事物發(fā)展在兩個(gè)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的差異對(duì)比。

　　大家可以先嘗試回答以下例題：

　　豬肉的價(jià)格平民，一直是很多市民購(gòu)買的肉類選擇，但是在八月份受非洲豬瘟病毒影響之后，同等金額能買到的豬肉數(shù)量變得更少了。

　　問(wèn)：原文暗示著關(guān)于豬肉的什么信息?

　　A. 非洲豬瘟對(duì)豬肉的影響無(wú)法控制

　　B. 八月份后豬肉價(jià)格比之前更貴

　　C. 豬肉的替代品價(jià)格隨之上升

　　D. 市民將無(wú)法購(gòu)買豬肉

　　答案：B

　　和上述例子一樣，在聽(tīng)力的講座里，如果原文主題的展開(kāi)里出現(xiàn)前后時(shí)間對(duì)比時(shí)，題目也經(jīng)常會(huì)考查大家根據(jù)原文已知內(nèi)容可以推斷出的信息，因此在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中筆記注意做標(biāo)記并記好對(duì)比內(nèi)容：

　　原文描述對(duì)象的某個(gè)特征

　　出現(xiàn)另外一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的對(duì)比

　　【信號(hào)詞：earlier/before/today/prior to 等】

　　筆記符號(hào)：v.s

　　前后時(shí)間對(duì)象特征的差異

　　真題演練：

　　例題：

　　(T32L4Q6)What does the professor imply about Irwin’s nineteenth-century biographers?

　　A. They were probably envious of her success.

　　B. They did not sufficiently value function in residential architecture.

　　C. They did not know much about architects from the southern United States.

　　D. They understood the difficulties faced by women architects.

　　筆記：19c biogra’. ↓ingenuity v.s. today: praise function 1st女 receive paten

　　音頻分析：

　　原文出現(xiàn)2個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的傳記家對(duì)建筑師歐文的態(tài)度描述對(duì)比：19世紀(jì)的傳記家弱化了她的設(shè)計(jì)天賦，而如今的same biographers反而會(huì)稱贊她設(shè)計(jì)的功能性，后面更是提到了歐文作為美國(guó)個(gè)獲得建筑設(shè)計(jì)專利的女性。由此對(duì)比可得出過(guò)去的傳記家沒(méi)有給歐文deserved credit，因此答案對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)。

　　What can be inferred about...?

　　What does the professor imply about...?

　　以上兩個(gè)題目形式就是典型的推斷題問(wèn)法，同時(shí)也是大部分同學(xué)覺(jué)得特別無(wú)從下手的題型，關(guān)于此類題型的考查方式，我們可以從官方OG以及TPO練習(xí)題里總結(jié)出它的一些特點(diǎn)：

　　Making Inferences Questions

　　The final type of connecting information question is Making Inferences questions. In this kind of question, you usually have to reach a conclusion based on facts presented in the listening passage.

　　1. 整合關(guān)聯(lián)信息

　　(例如不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)上的關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)比、兩個(gè)同類對(duì)象的對(duì)比、因果關(guān)聯(lián)等)

　　2. 基于原文

　　雖然是隱含的信息，但是絕大部分的推斷題里，原文與正確答案選項(xiàng)都僅是同義替換的關(guān)系。因此，在解題過(guò)程中，一定要注意避免過(guò)度推斷或加入原文未提的主觀設(shè)想。

　　明白題目特點(diǎn)后，小牛試刀以下兩道練習(xí)題看看你能不能做對(duì)：

　　筆記要點(diǎn)：

　　MT, style: veris, real v.s. earlier: emulate UK, x realism(T50L3) What does the professor imply about literature in the United States prior to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?

　　A. It did not yet have a distinct American style.

　　B. Very few books were published.

　　C. Romanticism and realism had started to combine.

　　D. British authors were using realism more than American authors were.

　　解析：這篇講述美國(guó)文學(xué)的講座里，教授講到Mark Twain的風(fēng)格是realistic，而早期的美國(guó)作家(earlier writers in the US)會(huì)模仿英國(guó)作家，以損害realism為代價(jià)，對(duì)比可推斷出在Mark Twain時(shí)期以前的美國(guó)文學(xué)作家在文體上沒(méi)有自己的風(fēng)格，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)。

　　例題 2：

　　(T24L2)What does the professor imply about the rivalry between classical ballet and modern dance?

　　1. Audiences have generally been unaware of it.

　　2. Critics tend to exaggerate Duncan's role in it

　　3. It is not as strong now as it was in Duncan's time.

　　4. It increased as modern dance became more popular than classical ballet

　　答案：C

　　以上就是給同學(xué)們總結(jié)的時(shí)間對(duì)比考點(diǎn)以及推斷題的特征，希望對(duì)大家解題有一定幫助!