托?？谡Z解析之哭
Listen to part of a lecture in a Psychology class.
(female professor)
Ok, we generally assume that babies can feel only very basic emotions like happiness or anger, that is, the babies just react to things that happen directly to them. ①However, some new research’s suggesting that babies may be able to feel concern for others, to have empathy for others.
Now, empathy is a complex emotion. It involves a baby relating to someone else’s emotions, not just reacting to things happening directly to them. Let’s talk about an experiment that may show that babies could be capable of feeling empathy.
Ok, for the first part of the experiment, well, um, we’ve always known that babies start to cry when they hear other babies crying, right? One baby in a room starts crying and all the rest join in. We’ve always assumed that the other babies cry because they were reacting to the noise of crying, that the noise itself was distressing. ②So, in the experiment， researchers play tape recording, a tape of baby’s crying, to another baby.
③And sure enough, the baby started crying when he heard the sound of other baby’s crying. This was no surprise, of course.④ And the researchers assumed that the baby cried because of the noise.
?、軧ut the next part of the experiment was surprising.⑥ The researchers played the baby a tape of his own crying. Now it was just as noisy, so the researchers expected him to cry. ⑦However, this time the baby did not cry. He wasn’t upset by the sound of his own crying. Why not? Well, maybe it wasn’t the noise that made him cry before when he heard other baby’s crying.
In fact, maybe noise has nothing to do with it. It could be that the baby felt empathy for the other babies. And that was why he got upset when he heard them crying.⑧ Researchers concluded that it is indeed possible that babies feel empathy, concern for others.
Question:
Using the points from the lecture explain why researchers think that babies may feel empathy.
一.范文
In the lecture, the professor talks about babies can feel concern for others, to have empathy for others. She gives us an experiment to demonstrate her point. In the first part of experiment, they played a tape of babies crying to a baby, sure enough the baby heard the tape and started crying, the researcher assumed that the baby cried because of the noise. And then the researchers played the baby a tape of his own crying, the baby didn’t cry despite the noise. In fact, the noise had nothing to do with it. It cried in the first part not because of the noise, but it got upset because it felt empathy, concern for others.
二.重點句型
1. ① 主干是some new research’s suggesting ，that引起了賓語從句，be able to do能夠做;to feel concern for others和to have empathy for others是并列成分。however轉折連詞，符合聽力十三原則中的轉折原則;有一些研究表明孩子可能會同情其它人的遭遇。這句話引出了今天要論證的主題是have empathy for others.、
2. ②5 in the experiment ，暗示教授為了證明自己的觀點開始做第一個實驗，主干是researchers play tape recording to another baby，a tape of baby’s crying做插入成分。在實驗中，研究人員對著另一個小孩播放了一個小孩哭鬧的錄音.這是這個實驗的過程。
3. ③主干是the baby started crying ，when引起了時間狀語從句，the sound of …的聲音。當這個嬰兒聽到另一個嬰兒哭鬧的聲音的時候，他也開始哭了。這表明了播放錄音之后給這個小孩帶來的影響。
4. ④because of因為，它折后跟著短語，because之后接著句子，這句話的主干是the researchers assumed that，that引起了賓語從句。研究人員假設孩子們哭鬧的原因是播放別的小孩哭的聲音太吵了。這表明了研究人員針對這個實驗所得出的一個假設的結果。
5. .⑤but是轉折連詞，但是，符合聽力十三原則中的轉折原則。這句話的主語是the next part of the experiment。這句話表明了研究人員將要進行第二個實驗。
6. ⑥主語是the researcher，謂語是played，賓語是the baby a tape of his own crying，研究人員這次播放的是孩子自己哭鬧的時候的錄音。這是這個實驗的具體內容。
7. ⑦however表示轉折，但是，這一次小孩并沒有哭。表明了這個實驗的結果。
8. ⑧這句話的主干是Researchers concluded that，that引起了賓語從句，it is indeed possible that babies feel empathy, concern for others.中it做形式主語，that是真正的主語。這句話表明了實驗人員得出了孩子哭的是因為他們同情別人的遭遇。
三.解析
Listening key.
(1.1) Main idea: babies can feel empathy.
(1.2) Example.
(1.2.1) Part one.
(1.2.1.1) Play a baby a tape of other babies crying.
(1.2.1.2) The baby in the experiment starts to cry.
(1.2.1.3) Researcher assumed the baby cried because of the noise.
(1.2.2) Part two.
(1.2.2.1) Play the baby a tape of his own crying.
(1.2.2.2) The baby doesn’t cry to the noise.
(1.3) Conclusion.
(1.3.1) Baby cried in the first part of the experiment because he felt empathy, concern for others.
四.模板
In the lecture, the professor talks about
She gives us an experiment to demonstrate her point. In the first part of experiment,
And then the researchers
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