托?？谡Ztask4的高分技巧

　　托?？谡Z的Task 4 是總論/ 具體題，也叫概念/ 例子題 (concept / examples)，它涉及的步驟與 Task 3(見本公眾號文章《托福口語突破 Week 3 | Task 3 解題技巧 & 高分模板》) 基本一樣，二者的主要區(qū)別在于第四題涉及學(xué)術(shù)場景 (academic situation)，而Task 3 涉及校園場景。

　　Task 4包含三個步驟：

　　1. 閱讀一個學(xué)術(shù)性的小段落(長度為75-100詞，時間為40-45秒)

　　2. 聽教授就該學(xué)術(shù)話題發(fā)表的演講片段

　　3. 根據(jù)閱讀部分與聽力部分回答問題

　　準(zhǔn)備階段

　　Task 4 的準(zhǔn)備與Task 3 的準(zhǔn)備基本一樣，重點(diǎn)依然是閱讀小段落(回答問題時不會再出現(xiàn)在屏幕上)的筆記與講座部分的筆記。做閱讀小段落的筆記時，要注意下列方面：

　　1. 核心概念的名稱

　　2. 核心概念的含義

　　3. 核心概念所包含的分類

　　做講座部分的筆記時，注意講座內(nèi)容與閱讀部分的關(guān)系。由于二者通常為總分關(guān)系，所以要根據(jù)閱讀部分的概念特征尋找他們在講座中的具體體現(xiàn)。

　　在準(zhǔn)備階段，不用另列提綱，只需根據(jù)閱讀段落時與聽聽力時所做的筆記回答問題。

　　例如：

　　Outsider Artists2006年12月8日托?？荚嚳谡Z Task 4真題

　　閱讀部分原文：

　　Outsider Art is a term used to describe art that is made by people who choose to live and work outside society. The artists who produce this kind of art --- Outsider Art --- work in isolation from other artists and have little or no formal artistic training. Because they do not learn conventional artistic techniques from teachers or other artists, outsider artists must invent their own ways of doing things. As a result of the unconventional methods that outsider artists often use, their work can look strange and not at all like traditional art to the observer.

　　筆記

　　1. Outsider artists

　　2. Def (=definition): artist on edge of soc.

　　3. Identity. feature:

　　a. Live in small cir., iso. & hard to find ← live alone

　　b. Little formal train of tech. & skills

　　c. Approach unique ← no trad. art train.; work much dif. From soc. norm ← no touch with soc.

　　講座原文:

　　All right, let’s consider the work of the outsider artist --- Henry Darger. Darger lived by himself in a tiny apartment in Chicago in the 1900s. He had no friends and spent all his spare time alone creating hundreds of paintings and drawings. He had never formally studied painting and kept his painting completely private, so no one ever saw it or responded to it during his life time. So when you see Darger’s work, you notice how unique it is. Is doesn’t remind you of anything you ever seen before, it’s very much his own. For example, one piece --- it is a water color painting. In this piece he illustrates a story about the adventures of seven children. But see, Darger had a really hard time drawing human figures, yet he managed to come up with his own rather unique solution to the problem. He simply cut out pictures of children from newspapers and magazines, and pasted them into his own illustration of trees, lowers and grass. The result looks a little strange. Darger’s picture looks more cluttered, more crowed with details than pictures of other artists. Because its entire surface’s painted and there are no surfaces left empty. It’s also a bit longer than pictures of most artists, about none feet long.

　　筆記

　　1. Topic: an example of O.A. (=outsider artists) --- Darger Chica

　　2. Life: alone, no friend, painting → no one saw / response

　　3. Painting: unique

　　4. Watercolor p. (=painting) adven of 7 child

　　5. hard draw human flg, cut fr. mage / news & paste into this p.

　　6. strange ← more details, longer (9 ft)

　　正式回答

　　回答Task 4時，應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. 務(wù)必指出閱讀小段落與講座之間的關(guān)系(指出是例證關(guān)系還是反駁關(guān)系);

　　2. 必須兼顧閱讀小段落的內(nèi)容與講座的內(nèi)容(以講座為主，但是必須提供閱讀小段落的充分信息);

　　3. 陳述學(xué)生的意見并闡述持此意見的兩大理由(一般都是兩大理由);

　　4. 使用引用語言和表示閱讀部分與聽力部分關(guān)系的語言(給評分老師減輕負(fù)擔(dān));

　　5. 不得發(fā)表自己的看法(只能總結(jié)、轉(zhuǎn)述、綜合閱讀小段落與聽力部分的內(nèi)容);

　　6. 直接對麥克風(fēng)進(jìn)行清楚的表達(dá)(一開始就調(diào)好麥克風(fēng)的位置與音量)

　　7. 語速適中，不要太快或太慢(要表達(dá)清楚，不要求快---快不是流利的標(biāo)志);

　　8. 注意發(fā)音與語調(diào)(不要過于擔(dān)心自己的口音，但要口齒清楚);

　　9. 使用熟悉的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(過于復(fù)雜的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)對考生與評分老師都是挑戰(zhàn))

　　語言與結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Task 4 的語言主要涉及總分關(guān)系、定義描述、特征分類與應(yīng)用等

　　1. 總分關(guān)系

　　1) . 閱讀小段落的話題

　　回答Task 4時需要首先交代閱讀小段落的話題。例如，

　　A. The reading is about ...

　　B. The passage discusses ...

　　C. The reading gives an overall view of ...

　　2) 講座的話題

　　陳述講座的話題時需要提到其中一些具體的觀點(diǎn)與例子。例如，

　　A. The professor talks specifically about ....

　　B. The speaker gives two specific examples of ...

　　2. 定義描述

　　閱讀小段落一般對話題進(jìn)行定義或總的描述。回答時應(yīng)該復(fù)述這些信息。例如，

　　1. ...refers to ...

　　2. According to the reading, ...

　　3. 特征分類

　　閱讀小段落通常描述話題所涉及的對象的兩三件特征或?qū)ο蠓殖蓭状箢悺＠纾?/p>

　　1. According to the lecture, there are two types of ... One is ... The other is ...

　　2. There are three characteristics that ... The first one is ... The second characteristics is ... The third characteristics is ...

　　4. 應(yīng)用

　　考生需要明確指出所談?wù)摰男畔⑹莵碜蚤喿x小段落還是來自講座。例如，

　　1. The reading says that ...

　　2. The professor says that ...

　　高分模板

　　Task 4 的模板可以按照兩種方式設(shè)計。第一種是從講座入手，必要是加入閱讀小段落的內(nèi)容。第二種是從閱讀小段落的內(nèi)容入手，然后復(fù)述講座內(nèi)容并闡述講座與閱讀部分之間的關(guān)系。第一種方式操作難度較大，所以下面介紹第二種方式，即一般模板必須包含的內(nèi)容：

　　1. 閱讀時的總話題

　　2. 閱讀總話題所包含的二之三個主要的特征或分類

　　3. 講座的具體話題

　　4. 講座的具體話題與閱讀內(nèi)容的聯(lián)系(即講座如何例證或應(yīng)用閱讀的內(nèi)容)

　　模板一

　　The reading discuss ____. ____ means that ____. In other words, ____. The reading says ____. In addition, ____.

　　The professor talks about two examples of ____. One example is ____. ____. So ____ is an example of ____ because ____. The other example is ____. Like the reading said, ____. So ____ is an example of ____, too.

　　模板二

　　The professor discussed ____. One is ____, and the other is ____. According to the reading, one aspect of ____. The lecture says that ____. ____. Another characteristics of ____. The professor says that ____. ____. Thus, ____.