托福閱讀小結(jié)題如何選出正確答案

　　小結(jié)題是每一篇文章最后的那一道大題，需要從六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出三個(gè)作為正確答案，每一題兩分。我們首先來分析一下這個(gè)題目的題干要求：

　　An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

　　(一個(gè)總結(jié)性句子已經(jīng)給出。通過選擇三個(gè)選項(xiàng)來完成這個(gè)總結(jié)，所選的選項(xiàng)需要表達(dá)原文最重要的信息。有些選項(xiàng)不屬于總結(jié)性選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗麄儽磉_(dá)了沒在原文中出現(xiàn)的信息或者是原文中的細(xì)節(jié)信息。此題兩分。)通過分析題干給出的具體信息，我們能夠看出，這道題目的關(guān)鍵要求在于選擇重要信息，總結(jié)性信息。也就意味著，有的選項(xiàng)雖然正確，但是如果它表達(dá)的是原文中的細(xì)節(jié)信息，那么依然不能作為正確答案，這是這道題目中最難的一個(gè)點(diǎn)。

　　讓我們來看一道例題:

　　13-14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.

　　This question is worth 2 points. This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphins.

　　Answer Choices

　　1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.

　　2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.

　　3. The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.

　　4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.

　　5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.

　　6. Ambulocetus’ hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.

　　這是每篇文章最后的一個(gè)大題，基于全文的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行提問，所以，我們可以根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵句，先來判斷這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容。以下摘選了文章的每個(gè)自然段的關(guān)鍵句，我們一起

　　來看一下：

　　THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS

　　第一自然段：It should be obvious that cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. …

　　第二自然段：Very exciting discoveries have finally__ allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. …

　　第三自然段：The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. …

　　第四自然段：Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. …

　　第五自然段：An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. …

　　首先，第一自然段綜述關(guān)于鯨類動(dòng)物是哺乳動(dòng)物的事實(shí)，到了第二自然段開始揭示鯨類動(dòng)物起源的具體細(xì)節(jié)，說到科學(xué)家有一些重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，到了第三自然段開始交待第一種化石的名稱Pakicetus。第四自然段又提到另外一種化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，名字為Basilosaurus，最后一自然段提到第三種化石發(fā)現(xiàn)Ambulocetus natans，總結(jié)來說，這篇文章通過介紹三個(gè)化石來揭示了鯨類的起源。

　　接下來，我們來看以下選項(xiàng)，首先來看第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)：

　　1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.( 最近的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助解釋了陸生哺乳動(dòng)物與鯨類之間的關(guān)系)，此選項(xiàng)概括了本文的主要信息，因此可以算作小結(jié)題的答案。2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.( 化石Ambulocetus natans 的發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了關(guān)于鯨及生活在陸地上又生活在海里的依據(jù))，Ambulocetus natans 是本文三個(gè)重要化石之一， 且在本選項(xiàng)中體現(xiàn)了Ambulocetus natans 化石對(duì)于揭示鯨類起源的重要作用，因此算作小總結(jié)信息從而作為正確選項(xiàng)。3. The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.(Basilosaurus 在一個(gè)叫做Tethys Sea 的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)地方有很多的化石)，此選項(xiàng)中雖然提到了本文的一個(gè)重要化石Basilosaurus，但是并沒有陳述Basilosaurus 對(duì)于揭示鯨類起源的作用，因此不能算作正確答案。換句話說，只提到Basilosaurus 化石所發(fā)現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)是不足以作為本文的小結(jié)信息的。4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.(Pakicetus 是迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的鯨類化石)，此選項(xiàng)也提到了本文中重要化石Pakicetus，但并沒有提到Pakicetus 對(duì)于揭示鯨類起源的作用，因此不能作為小結(jié)題的重要選項(xiàng)。5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between

　　walking mammals and swimming whales were found.(被認(rèn)為是陸生哺乳動(dòng)物與水生鯨類之間的過渡化石被發(fā)現(xiàn))，此選項(xiàng)概括了本文的主要內(nèi)容，本文的主旨內(nèi)容即是講述鯨類原本是陸生哺乳動(dòng)物的事實(shí)，因此，5 是正確選項(xiàng)。6. Ambulocetus’ hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.(Ambulocetus natans 的后腿用來在水中前進(jìn))，本選項(xiàng)貌似也提到了重要化石Ambulocetus natans，但是Ambulocetus natans 的后腿用來在水中前進(jìn)是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息，因此不能作為正確答案。所以，本題的正確答案為125.