托福閱讀：屠呦呦參加諾貝爾獎頒獎典禮

　　北京時間11日00:12，屠呦呦接受諾貝爾獎生理學或醫(yī)學獎。當?shù)貢r間12月10日，在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩市政廳，中國科學家屠呦呦(中)和丈夫李廷釗(右)出席2015年諾貝爾獎晚宴。小編為大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x雙語材料：屠呦呦參加諾貝爾獎頒獎典禮，在托福真題中可能會涉及科學技術的等方面的話題，希望本文對大家有所幫助。

　　屠呦呦因開創(chuàng)性地從中草藥中分離出青蒿素應用于瘧疾治療獲得今年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎。這是中國科學家在中國本土進行的科學研究而首次獲諾貝爾科學獎，是中國醫(yī)學界迄今為止獲得的最高獎項，也是中醫(yī)藥成果獲得的最高獎項。

　　今年諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎獎金共800萬瑞典克朗(約合92萬美元)，屠呦呦將獲得獎金的一半(約300萬人民幣)，另外兩名科學家將共享獎金的另一半。

　　托福閱讀素材：屠呦呦英語簡介

　　Tu Youyou (China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing) developed a therapy that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world. An artemisinin-based drug combination is now the standard regimn for malaria, and the World Health Organization (WHO) lists artemisinin and related agents in its catalog of "Essential Medicines." Each year, several hundred million people contract malaria. Without treatment, many more of them would de than do now. Tu led a team that transformed an ancient Chinese healing method into the most powerful antimalarial medicine currently available.

　　托福閱讀素材：屠呦呦獲諾獎新聞報道

　　Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5. While the news has stirred China’s national pride, it has also highlighted differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world.

　　10月5日，84歲的女科學家屠呦呦成為第一位獲得諾貝爾科學類獎項的中國公民。她獲獎的消息激發(fā)了中國人的民族自豪感，也將中外評獎標準的差異推向了輿論的中心。

　　Tu, a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary treatments for parasitic diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their anti-roundworm treatment, while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria.

　　屠呦呦，中國中醫(yī)科學院研究員，同愛爾蘭科學家威廉•坎貝爾和日本科學家大村智一起獲得了2015年諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎，以表彰他們在寄生蟲疾病治療研究方面取得的開創(chuàng)性成就?？藏悹柡痛蟠灏l(fā)現(xiàn)了有效治療線蟲的藥物，而屠呦呦則創(chuàng)制了新型抗瘧疾藥物。

　　Tu conducted research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has considerably cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on an herb used in Chinese traditional medicine, called sweet wormwood. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria.

　　20世紀70年代，屠呦呦就開始進行抗瘧疾藥物研究，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。青蒿素大幅地降低了瘧疾患者的死亡率，拯救了千百萬人的生命。這種瘧疾療法是由中醫(yī)草藥——青蒿而來。目前，使用青蒿素復方藥物已經成為治療瘧疾的標準療法。

　　When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize, there were cheers as well as doubts. Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists, so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu, China Youth Daily reported.

　　當屠呦呦獲獎的消息被報道后，有人歡呼，也有人質疑?！吨袊嗄陥蟆穲蟮溃河腥苏J為青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是大批中國科學家集體努力的成果，而諾獎卻只頒給了屠呦呦，這顯然不公平。

　　Indeed, domestic science awards are primarily presented to projects, instead of individual scientists, the newspaper pointed out.

　　該報還指出：國內的科學獎項確實主要都是頒給科研項目而非科學家個人。

　　But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the advancement of science originates from individuals’ creative minds,” said Li.

　　中國科學院研究員李真真告訴記者，西方獎項更傾向于將榮譽授予第一個提出某個新理念或新方法的科學家。李真真還補充到：“西方科學界認為科學的進步緣起于個人的獨創(chuàng)性思想。”

　　Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team, the first to extract a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit malaria, and the first to complete a clinical trial, according to Zhang Boli, director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

　　屠呦呦獲獎因為她的三個“第一”。中國中醫(yī)科學院院長張伯禮院士說，屠呦呦是第一個把青蒿素帶到523項目組(523項目旨在研究抗瘧疾藥物)的人;她也第一個提取出有100%抑制力的青蒿素;她還是第一個做臨床實驗的人。

　　“Awarding prizes to scientists with creative ideas is the source of national innovation,” Li suggested. “The key is to create fair rules to find the most convincing candidate.”

　　李真真認為：“科學研究必須承認和獎勵提出原創(chuàng)思想的科學家，多一些獎勵個人的，這才是國家創(chuàng)新的源泉，關鍵是設定合理規(guī)則選出讓人信服的那一個。”

　　托福詞匯學習：

　　parasitic [,pær?'sitik]

　　adj. 寄生的(等于parasitical)

　　malaria [m?'lε?ri?]

　　n. [內科] 瘧疾;瘴氣

　　roundworm ['raundw?:m]

　　n. 蛔蟲

　　extract [ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt]

　　vt. 提取;取出;摘錄;榨取n. 汁;摘錄;榨出物;選粹

　　Originate [?'rid??neit]

　　vt. 引起;創(chuàng)作vi. 發(fā)源;發(fā)生;起航

　　inhibit [in'hibit]

　　vt. 抑制;禁止