在托福閱讀當中,轉(zhuǎn)折對比類關系詞包括哪些呢? 像but,however,yet,unlike, instead, rather than都表達了轉(zhuǎn)折或者對比的意思。看到這些詞我們就需要注意了,關系詞的前后文一定出現(xiàn)了意義相反的信息,否則構不成轉(zhuǎn)折對比。
按照這種規(guī)律,在詞匯題中,我們能依據(jù)上下文來推斷詞義,比如umbrageous這個詞很多同學可能不認識。確實長得也比較高端。那我們來看看原文。
Because they do not need sunlight to survive,parasitic plants are generally found in umbrageous areas rather than in areas exposed to direct sunlight.
在umbrageous areas的后面,出現(xiàn)了一個rather than。如前所述前后一定出現(xiàn)相反意向。而area這個詞是重復出現(xiàn)了,那么與后文直接暴露在陽光下意思相反的意思不就是有遮陰的shaded areas嗎?所以這句話的意思是:由于不需要光照,寄生植物通常在有蔭蔽的地方唄發(fā)現(xiàn)而不再陽光直射的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn),非常通順。于是這個題就迎刃而解啦。
而在新托福閱讀技巧中,推斷題中,轉(zhuǎn)折對比關系詞也是往往是我們解題的關鍵線索。我們來看看這個題:
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
There were great numbers of them.
They lived in the sea only.
They did not leave many fossil remains.
題目讓我們推斷關于sea otter的信息,那么原文哪里出現(xiàn)了sea otter呢?只有這一句。However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.雖然表面上看這句討論主體是不容易想象出whales早期長什么樣,但是在句首出現(xiàn)的however和unlike都告訴我們一定有和不容易想象的反面意向,所以其實sea otter就是容易想象出來長什么樣的。
綜上,新托福閱讀下載的文章當中,轉(zhuǎn)折對比關系詞帶給我們解題的線索就是在詞前后尋找相反的信息點幫助解題。
其實,正是由于英文中注重邏輯的特點,在托福閱讀中還有很多依靠關系詞解題的思想方法。希望大家在做題的時候多總結(jié),養(yǎng)成好的閱讀習慣。