OG上將推斷題定義為檢查考生對文章中強(qiáng)烈建議但絕不明說觀點(diǎn)(strongly implied but not explicitlystated in the text)的理解程度,屬于理解性題目,題目要求如下:
Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about X?
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about X?
According to paragraph 3, what do Y indicate about X?
According to paragraph 4, what does the author imply about X?
題干中有出現(xiàn)infer, imply, indicate或suggest這四個單詞,我們就判定這個題目為推斷題,那么推斷題應(yīng)該如何解答呢?
第一步,判斷題型。我們拿到題目,看到上面四個單詞中的任何一個,心中就想著這是推斷題,推斷題的做題宗旨是文章強(qiáng)烈暗示,要通過文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理推斷。
第二步,審清題干,原文定位。仔細(xì)閱讀題干,弄清題干內(nèi)容,推斷方向,帶著題干核心信息到文章中準(zhǔn)確定位。
第三步,推測+判斷。根據(jù)相關(guān)句進(jìn)行正向或逆向的推理,最后擇優(yōu)而選,確定答案。
正向推斷:和事實(shí)信息題做題方法一樣,答案就是定位的句子的同義改寫。
逆向推斷:大致分為兩種,一種是時間,第二種是兩類事物的對比。
第一種,題干中往往會出現(xiàn)表示時間的信息,比如:after 1932, since early years of the 19thcentury. 例如TPO 20 Passage 1 Western Migration Q1:
Paragraph 1: The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in themain, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas forthe raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficientway of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices werehigh, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
m They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
m They were able to sell their produce at high prices
m They had not been successful in raising cattle.
m They did not operate in a national market economy.
題干中出現(xiàn)了兩個信息,一個是western farmers, 一個是prior to 1815, 帶著兩條信息去文中定位,定位在第一段第四行,但是文章中沒有提到1815年之前,只有1815年之后,答案其實(shí)很簡單,只要把1815年之后的內(nèi)容看懂了,并且在這個內(nèi)容前面加not即可。舉個簡單的例子,“從現(xiàn)在起Jessica是個姑娘”,“請問你能推斷出昨天Jessica怎么了么?”可能很多人想到“是不是Jessica做了變性手術(shù)?”,其實(shí)這就算過分推斷了,答案就是Jessica昨天不是個姑娘。言歸正題,文中說到,改善的交通使得越來越多的西部農(nóng)民擺脫了自給自足的生活,并且進(jìn)入了國家性的市場經(jīng)濟(jì),那個時候貨物的價格很多,所以向西遷移的速率也大幅增長。
第二種:兩類事物的對比,往往文中會出現(xiàn)表示對比的關(guān)系詞:by contrast, unlike, while, whereas, on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等詞。例如TPO 2中的TheOrigins of Cetaceans的第2題,讓考生推測關(guān)于early sea otters的,回到原文中定位,會發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句中存在著一個unlike, 說不像sea otters, 想象一下早期鯨類比較困難(not easy=difficult),那我們逆推一下,不就是說想象早期sea otters長什么樣比較容易,正確答案中出現(xiàn)了not difficult, 所以這道題很簡單。
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