托福閱讀長難句100句:雅典貴族選舉

　　The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases. (TPO40, 64)

　　aristocracy /?ær?'st?kr?s?/ n. 貴族階級，貴族

　　stranglehold /'stræ?ɡlh?uld/ n. 扼制，壓制，束縛

　　abolish /?'b?l??/ v. 廢除，廢止

　　obligation /?bl?'ge??(?)n/ n. 義務(wù)，職責(zé)

　　assembly /?'sembl?/ n. 集合，集會;裝配，安裝

　　overrule /??v?'ru?l/ v. 否決，駁回

　　大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

　　The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)(TPO40, 64)

　　托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

　　這個句子的主干就是：

　　The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.

　　修飾一：(when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) ，從句

　　中文：當(dāng)他打破了貴族對于選舉的束縛。

　　修飾二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介詞短語

　　這個修飾成分比較復(fù)雜，介詞后面接了三個并列的非謂語動詞：

　　1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding

　　2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy

　　3：allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

　　其中第3個非謂語動詞中還有一個從句：

　　of which all citizens were equal members

　　三個并列的非謂語動詞中文如下：

　　1：確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)

　　2：廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務(wù)

　　3：并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定

　　中文：他通過確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)、廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務(wù)并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定

　　托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯：

　　改變的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon發(fā)起的，那時候他通過確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)、廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務(wù)并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定，打破了貴族對于選舉的束縛。

　　這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。