托福閱讀背景知識的補(bǔ)充材料之站著辦公的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

A new study says that standing up at your desk doesn’t actually decrease your risk of death-by-office, unless you’re physically active otherwise.

新研究表明：除非經(jīng)常鍛煉，否則站著工作也不會降低猝死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

After several studies asserted that sitting at work all day is slowly killing us, researchers at the University of Exeter and University College London took another look at the claims. The Washington Post reports:

此前，已有多項(xiàng)研究表明，久坐會慢慢地致人死亡。但?？巳卮髮W(xué)和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的幾位研究員卻從另一角度進(jìn)行了研究。華盛頓郵報(bào)報(bào)道：

Researchers tracked 16 years’ worth of health data from 5,132 people in the Whitehall II study cohort. Participants reported their total time sitting and how long they sat during four different situations: at work, watching television, leisure time and non-television leisure time. Researchers also tracked time spent walking daily and on physical activity.

此次研究的調(diào)查對象來自白廳二級定群研究，共5132人。研究人員對他們長達(dá)16年的健康數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了跟蹤。調(diào)查對象需匯報(bào)他們坐下的總時(shí)長，以及在四種不同場合——工作、看電視、業(yè)余活動，以及不看電視的業(yè)余活動——分別坐下的時(shí)長。研究人員還跟蹤調(diào)查了他們每日步行和運(yùn)動的時(shí)長。

After controlling for a number of factors, including diet and general health, researchers found the overall mortality risk for these participants wasn’t influenced by how long they sat or by the kind of sitting. And the researchers cautioned that too much emphasis on not sitting shouldn’t take the place of promoting physical activity.

研究人員在控制了包括飲食、整體健康在內(nèi)的許多變量后，發(fā)現(xiàn)：調(diào)查對象的總死亡率不受久坐時(shí)間和坐姿的影響。研究人員告誡稱，人們不應(yīng)過份強(qiáng)調(diào)久坐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而忽視強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動的重要。

What’s particularly interesting about the study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, is that researchers didn’t just focus on sitting during the workday, but factored in all kinds of sitting-specific data as well as rates of physical activity. Their conclusion was that “sitting time was not associated with all-cause mortality risk.” Basically, more elements are in play than just whether you’re sitting down at work, and your levels of physical activity are the greatest health indicator.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《國際流行病學(xué)雜志》上。其中特別有趣的是，研究員沒有只研究人們在工作時(shí)的久坐情況，還考慮到了各種相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和運(yùn)動頻率。其結(jié)論是“久坐與全因死亡率無關(guān)”?？偠灾?，影響健康的元素很多，不僅僅在于是否在工作時(shí)久坐。最能體現(xiàn)健康狀況的是鍛煉情況。

So what does this all mean? It appears that the act of working while standing up—which has become a trendy thing to do, especially in tech offices—doesn’t help your health, if you’re not actually exercising otherwise. If you never make it to the gym, you might as well just sit down. This is good news for the makers of treadmill desks, however.

所以這到底意味著什么?現(xiàn)在流行站著辦公，科技公司尤為突出。但是如果不鍛煉，站著工作也似乎沒什么用;如果永遠(yuǎn)都不去健身，還不如就坐著呢。這對跑步機(jī)辦公桌的生產(chǎn)商來說，可是個(gè)好消息。

The last office where I worked jumped on the standing desk trend hard, installing desks that could be raised for all workers. They also had a treadmill desk, and a bike desk. While the option to stand is certainly nice as a change in the middle of a monotonous workday, this research suggests it’s not the cure-all that adherents would like to claim.

我之前工作的地方勉強(qiáng)跟上了站立式辦公桌的潮流，裝上了可隨意調(diào)節(jié)高度的桌子。此外，還有一張跑步機(jī)辦公桌和一張自行車辦公桌。當(dāng)然，在乏味的工作之余能站著工作也是個(gè)不錯的選擇，但研究表明，站著工作并不是所謂的萬靈丹。

“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” study author Melvyn Hillsdon of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, be it sitting or standing.”

“我們的研究推翻了當(dāng)下人們對久坐危害的認(rèn)知，并指出危害健康的原因在于缺乏鍛煉，而不是久坐，”來自埃克塞特大學(xué)的研究作者梅爾文·希爾斯頓在一份聲明中說道。“身體靜止不動，能量消耗就低，從而危害健康，不管是坐著還是站著都一樣。”

The takeaway here is companies that truly want to assist worker health should invest money in options like free exercise classes and gym reimbursements. They should encourage employees to go outside and actually walk around, not simply stand up at their computers. And maybe it means that everyone who insists that standing up is the only way to work can climb down off their high desk.

這表明，真正關(guān)心員工健康的公司應(yīng)該把錢花在購買免費(fèi)運(yùn)動課程和報(bào)銷健身費(fèi)用上。公司應(yīng)鼓勵員工走出辦公室，四處走走，而不是只在電腦前站著工作?；蛟S這意味著那些堅(jiān)信“站著是唯一解決辦法”的人終于能從高高的桌子上爬下來了。